Efficient microspore embryogenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) induced by starvation at high temperature

Androgenesis: A Fascinating Doubled Haploid Production Process

“…Puddephat et al ( 1999 ) found that the donor plant developmental conditions in onion had a strong positive infl uence in inducing microspore embryogenesis. The pretreatments in the form of cold temperature have shown promising androgenic response in barley (Li and Devaux 2003 ), wheat (Indrianto et al 1999 ), durum wheat (Sibi et al 2001 ) and rice (Bishnoi et al 2000 ) but on the other hand heat treatment enhanced embryogenic response in brassica (Binarova et al 1997 ), tobacco (Touraev et al 1996b ), cucumbers (Gemes-Juhasz et al 2002 ), pepper (Barany et al 2001 ), wheat (Touraev et al 1996b ) and starvations in the form of nitrogen and carbohydrates conferred improved effect in tobacco (Touraev et al 1996a ), barley (Hoekstra et al 1992 ) and rice (Raina and Irfan 1998 ). The use of colchicine and auxin as a pre-treatment has also induced microspore embryogenesis in few species (Obert and Barnabas 2004 ).…”

“…The NLN (Lichter 1982 ) and MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962 ) with minor changes are used for brassica and other allied species, whereas NPB99 (Konzak et al 1999 ), A2 (Touraev et al 1996b ), and MMS3 (Hu and Kasha 1997 ) are routinely used during anther or microspore culture in cereal species like wheat, barley, and triticale. In early days of androgenesis, solid media using agar as a solidifying agent was preferred but as the time progressed, liquid media became a best choice to achieve desired results because solid media contains agar that is proven to have pollen inhibitory effect in few cases and hinder pollen growth towards embryogenesis.…”

The Evaluation of Response to Isolated Microspores Culture in Some Iranian Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

“…The type of stress used (applied as a pretreatment) plays an important role not only in embryogenesis induction but also in the production of green plants (Touraev et al, 1996). In the present research, two pretreatments (cold and heat + chemical) were used.…”

Assessment of Polyamines and Trehalose in Wheat Microspores Culture for Embryogenesis and Green Regenerated Plants

“…The anther culture response for a number of ICARDA genotypes including ICARDA17 and 39 was examined in an earlier study [10]. Seeds were germinated at 25˚C and after 10 days seedlings were planted in peat moss in 10 cm diameter pots, then placed in growth chambers at a temperature cycle of 23/18˚C day/night, 16 h photoperiod and 290 -310 µmol·m Spikes were collected when microspores were at midto late-uninucleate stage [26]. The appropriate developmental stage of microspores was determined by spike and anther morphology as well as examination of isolated microspores using acetocarmine stain [27].…”

“…Microspores were treated with putrecine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) alone at 1.0 mM or 0.5 mM combinations of the three PAs. The duration of the treatments was 30 or 60 min and the microspores were washed twice with 3 ml of AB medium, centrifuged for 5 min and the pellet was re-suspended in A2 medium [26]; and counted using a haemocytometer. Microspores were cultured in Petri dishes at a density of 2 × 10 4 microspores/ml with six immature ovaries and incubated at 27˚C in the dark for 4 days [28].…”