“…On the other hand, there is growing evidence that siRNA-based antiviral immunity plays an important role in mammals ( Li et al, 2013 ; Maillard et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Qiu et al, 2017 ; Han et al, 2020 ; Zeng et al, 2020 ). Recent studies including ours have shown several viruses, such as Nodamura virus (NoV), IAV, Sindbis virus (SINV), and ZIKV induce vsiRNA production in vitro or in vivo ( Li et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). To counter the defense mechanism, many viruses encode viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs), including NoV B2, IAV NS1, Ebolavirus (EBOV) VP35, and human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) 3A ( Fabozzi et al, 2011 ; Li et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Qiu et al, 2017 ).…”