Chicken-Derived Pattern Recognition Receptor chLGP2 Inhibits the Replication and Proliferation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Abstract

The widespread nature and economic importance of Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and interactions between IBV and the host immune response remain poorly understood. Understanding the mechanism of virus recognition via innate immunity can help resist IBV invasion. Retinoic acid-induced gene I-like receptor (RLRs) recognize virus RNA in virus infection, and LGP2 is a member of RLRs. According to the current studies, LGP2 exhibited certain inhibition in the virus, and there is a lack of investigation for chicken’s LGP2. It is important to figure out the role of chLGP2 in host immune recognition of IBV. Our results showed that chLGP2 inhibited the proliferation of IBV Beaudette in cells. Also, chLGP2 can identify and combine with IBV RNA. The domains of chLGP2 were separately expressed and inspired by related literature, and the chLGP2 K30A mutant was constructed. Our results suggested its structural integrity and the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity are critical for IBV inhibiting activity. chTRBP was selected after CO-IP and Mass spectrometry test. We found chTRBP and chLGP2 are the interacting partners and promote mutual expression. Our study showed that chTRBP could also suppress IBV infections via chLGP2, which provided a basis for future innate immunity research for IBV.

Pathologic Mechanisms of the Newcastle Disease Virus

“…In addition, RIG-I is also absent in chickens, which is presumably attributable to their higher susceptibility to NDV compared with waterfowls such as ducks and geese [67,68]. Instead of RIG-I, NDV and other RNA viruses are recognized by the other two RLR family members, MDA5 and LGP2, which preserve antiviral competence in chickens [69][70][71][72][73]. The infection of the virulent genotype VIId NDV strain was accompanied by massive MDA5 expression in the oviducts of egg-laying hens and chicken bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells in the early infection stage [74,75].…”

Roles of RNA Sensors in Host Innate Response to Influenza Virus and Coronavirus Infections

“…It was reported that the expression of chMDA5 and chSTING were up-regulated in IBV-infected birds, which further initiated the innate immune response [ 225 , 228 ]. chLGP2, a member of RLRs with less investigated in chicken, was reported to interact with chTRBP to dampen IBV infection [ 229 ]. The research on the innate immune response to coronavirus infection in chickens is quite limited and should be highly encouraged.…”

Chicken intestinal microbiota modulation of resistance to nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection through IFN-I

“…These induced IFN-Is transduce signals to the nucleus through a cascade of related molecules and rapidly induce the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) [18,19]. Due to the ability to promote viral clearance, induce tissue repair, and stimulate a prolonged adaptive immune response against viruses, IFN-I responses constitute the body's first line of defense against viral infections, including IBV [20,21]. IFN-I is regulated by the gut microbiota by acting on a variety of immune cells, including natural killer cells, macrophages, and CD 8+ T cells [5,[22][23][24].…”