Efficient Design of a Hybrid Adder in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Nanoarchitecture of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) Using Small Area for Digital Circuits

“…QCA or quantum-dot cellular automata as its name is pronounced uses the quantum mechanical phenomena for the physical implementation of cellular automata. In the general case, conventional digital technologies require a range of voltages or currents to have logical values, whereas in QCA technology, the position of the electrons gives an idea of the binary values [18]. The advantages of this technology are [19] especially given in terms of speed (range of terahertz), density (50 Gbits/cm 2 ) [20] and in terms of energy or power dissipation (100 W/cm 2 ).…”

Design of Low Hardware Complexity Multiplexer Using NAND Gates on Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

“…Clocking (by application of an appropriate voltage to a cell) leads to adjustment of tunneling barriers between quantum dots for transfer of electrons between the dots. Each QCA cell is clocked using a four-phase clocking scheme as shown in Figure 5 [16]. The four clock phases are switch, hold, release and relax are utilized in the four clock signals.…”

Extendable Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Decoding Architecture Using 5-Input Majority Gate

“…In the release phase, the barriers are lowered and lastly, in the relax phase, the barriers remain lowered where the cells remain unpolarized. The phases allow for a reliable signal transmission and also functional gain which is of paramount importance in computational systems [25][26][27]. The clock phases can also summarized as Figure 6.…”