Efficacy of orally administered flumequine in the treatment of vibriosis caused by Listonella anguillarum in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

Vik-Mo, Frode Todnem; Bergh, Øivind; Samuelsen, Ole Bent

doi:10.3354/dao067087

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, in the present experiments we chose to use the same challenge dose for all strains tested. A challenge dose of 10 6 CFU ml -1 is frequently used in challenge experiments and is generally considered to be a high challenge dose (Bergh et al 1992, Vik-Mo et al 2005, Sandlund et al 2006. When comparing growth temperatures, Tunsjø et al (2007) found that Moritella viscosa grew denser and had better motility at 4°C and with the addition of 3 to 4% NaCl, than at 15°C with 1% NaCl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening and characterisation of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with Atlantic codGadus morhualarvae: bath challenge trials using a multidish system

Sandlund

Bergh²

2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In intensive aquaculture systems, high concentrations of nutrients and high densities of fish larvae provide favorable conditions for opportunistic pathogenic bacteria to flourish. We screened potentially pathogenic bacterial strains isolated from moribund Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae, pollack Pollachius pollachius, coalfish Pollachius virens, Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, rotifers, algae and water samples from different hatcheries. Three identical challenge experiments tested a total of 53 strains. A multidish system was used: cod eggs were placed in single wells, together with 2 ml of sterile seawater, and exposed to the bacterial cultures. Final bacterial concentrations in the wells were 10 6 and 10 4 CFU ml -1. Eggs and larvae not exposed to bacteria were used as unchallenged controls. Challenged controls were exposed to Vibrio anguillarum strain 610. Eggs were challenged approximately 48 h prior to hatching and mortality was recorded daily throughout the yolk-sac period. In spite of the high challenge dose of 10 6 CFU ml -1, only 5 bacterial strains tested caused higher mortality than the unchallenged controls. Four of these strains were identified by 16S rDNA and gyrase B gene (GyrB) sequencing as resembling V. anguillarum and 1 strain resembled Carnobacterium sp. Most of the larvae exposed to these strains died within 10 d of challenge. Serotyping of the strains resembling V. anguillarum gave inconclusive results. This indicates differences in serology compared to the serotypes O1, O2 and O3, associated with disease. Three bacterial strains seemed to have a slower infection rate, indicating a longer incubation period. The remaining 45 strains did not seem to have a negative effect on larval survival, suggesting that these are not primary pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…V. anguillarum strain 610 is known to cause high mortality in various fish species such as Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (Samuelsen & Bergh 2004, Vik-Mo et al 2005, Seljestokken et al 2006 and Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Samuelsen et al 1997) and is commonly used in our laboratory during challenge experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and characterisation of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with Atlantic codGadus morhualarvae: bath challenge trials using a multidish system

Sandlund

Bergh²

2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…In addition, the social hierarchy allows only those at the top to obtain the bulk of any food available, while those on the bottom must settle for left over. So, it is generally conceded that feeding medication to fish is most useful as a prophylaxis rather than as a treatment as we have discussed this may be more damaging in the long run [82]. Still, there are occasions when it may be the only way to save any appreciable number of fish population i.e., when for some reason a pond cannot be drained or during acute attack of bacterial hemorrhagic septicaemia, where speed of administrating a drug over an extensive area to an extensive population may be the only workable solution [81].…”

Section: Oral Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquaculture Drugs: Sources, Active Ingredients, Pharmaceutic Preparations and Methods of Administration

Kumar¹,

Roy²

2017

J Aquac Res Development

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“…The samples were prepared and analysed by flow cytometry as described above after 4 and 20 h of incubation. The concentration of flumequine used was based on results from the in vitro absorption experiment and previously published pharmacokinetic data (Vik-Mo et al 2005), giving a post-treatment period with a concentration above MIC of 9 d.…”

Section: Intracellular Replication Of Bacteria Analysed By Flow Cytommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, due to the superior AUC 24 / MIC value of flumequine, this drug was chosen for the effect study. Flumequine, oxolinic acid and florfenicol have all proven highly effective in treating infections caused by extracellular bacteria in Atlantic cod (Samuelsen & Bergh 2004, Vik-Mo et al 2005, Seljestokken et al 2006, whereas oxolinic acid and florfenicol are at present the 2 most used antibacterials in treating bacterial infections in At lan tic salmon Salmo salar in Norway (statistic from Norwegian Institute of Health, www.fhi.no/).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic uptake by cultured Atlantic cod leucocytes and effect on intracellular Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis replication

Kaldestad¹,

Haugland²,

Rønneseth³

et al. 2014

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The granuloma disease caused by Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis in farmed Atlantic cod has not been successfully treated by use of antibacterials, even when antibacterial resistance testing indicates a sufficient effect. The reason for this treatment failure may be the intracellular existence of the bacteria within immune cells, mainly macrophages. To investigate the effect of antibacterials on intracellular Francisella replication, we established a protocol for the detection of drugs within Atlantic cod immune cells using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When the uptake and intracellular concentrations of oxolinic acid and flumequine were analysed in isolated adherent head kidney leucocytes (HKLs) by HPLC, we found that uptake was rapid and the intracellular concentrations reflected the extracellular exposure concentrations. To investigate the effect of the antibacterial compounds on intracellular bacterial replication, adherent HKLs experimentally infected with the bacteria were analysed using flow cytometry and intracellular labelling of bacteria by specific antibodies. We found that flumequine did not inhibit intracellular bacterial replication. Unexpectedly, the results indicated that the intracellularly effiacy of the drug was reduced. The HPLC method used proved to be highly applicable for accurate determination of intracellular drug concentrations. When combined with sensitive and specific flow cytometry analyses for identification and measurement of intracellular bacterial replication, we suggest that this approach can be very valuable for the design of antibacterial treatments of intracellular pathogens.

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Efficacy of orally administered flumequine in the treatment of vibriosis caused by Listonella anguillarum in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Screening and characterisation of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with Atlantic codGadus morhualarvae: bath challenge trials using a multidish system

Screening and characterisation of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with Atlantic codGadus morhualarvae: bath challenge trials using a multidish system

Aquaculture Drugs: Sources, Active Ingredients, Pharmaceutic Preparations and Methods of Administration

Antibiotic uptake by cultured Atlantic cod leucocytes and effect on intracellular Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis replication

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