Efficacy of cinnamon in patients with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Effects of cinnamon supplementation on body weight and composition in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials

“…The majority of the studies used cinnamon powder in the form of capsule (17 studies) (Akilen et al, ; Aldayel, ; Askari et al, ; Azimi et al, ; Blevins et al, ; Borzoei et al, ; Gupta Jain et al, ; Haghighian et al, ; Hajimonfarednejad et al, ; Mirfeizi et al, ; Nakhaei et al, ; Shishehbor et al, ; Soni & Bhatnagar, ; Torabi et al, ; Vafa et al, ; Wainstein et al, ; Zare et al, ), and the four remaining studies used the cinnamon extract (Anderson et al, ; Talaat & Ammar, ; Weitgasser et al, ; Ziegenfuss et al, ). The 11 trials were conducted in individuals with T2DM (Akilen et al, ; Azimi et al, ; Blevins et al, ; Haghighian et al, ; Mirfeizi et al, ; Soni & Bhatnagar, ; Torabi et al, ; Vafa et al, ; Wainstein et al, ; Weitgasser et al, ; Zare et al, ), and the other trials included women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (three trials) (Borzoei et al, ; Hajimonfarednejad et al, ; Talaat & Ammar, ), participants with overweight (two trials) (Aldayel, ; Nakhaei et al, ), MetS and prediabetes (three trials) (Anderson et al, ; Gupta Jain et al, ; Ziegenfuss et al, ), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (one trials) (Askari et al, ), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (one trial) (Shishehbor et al, ). In general, the administered dose of cinnamon for these included trials ranged between 336 mg/d of cinnamon extract to 10,000 mg/day of cinnamon powder.…”

“…No indication of bias because of selective reporting or attrition was observed. In total, seven trials had a low risk of bias (Akilen et al, ; Askari et al, ; Gupta Jain et al, ; Hajimonfarednejad et al, ; Shishehbor et al, ; Wainstein et al, ; Zare et al, ), 12 trials were judged to be “unclear risk” (Anderson et al, ; Blevins et al, ; Borzoei et al, ; Haghighian et al, ; Mirfeizi et al, ; Nakhaei et al, ; Soni & Bhatnagar, ; Talaat & Ammar, ; Torabi et al, ; Vafa et al, ; Weitgasser et al, ; Ziegenfuss et al, ), and two studies were “high risk” (Aldayel, ; Azimi et al, ).…”

“…Twenty trials with twenty‐two treatment arms (n = 1458) reported the effect of the cinnamon on BMI (Akilen et al, ; Aldayel, ; Anderson et al, ; Askari et al, ; Blevins et al, ; Borzoei et al, ; Gupta Jain et al, ; Haghighian et al, ; Hajimonfarednejad et al, ; Mirfeizi et al, ; Nakhaei et al, ; Shishehbor et al, ; Soni & Bhatnagar, ; Talaat & Ammar, ; Torabi et al, ; Vafa et al, ; Wainstein et al, ; Weitgasser et al, ; Zare et al, ). The meta‐analysis revealed that cinnamon supplementation reduces the BMI by −0.40 kg/m 2 (95% CI: −0.58, −0.23 kg/m 2 ; p < .001) and a substantial heterogeneity was seen between the included studies (Cochran's Q test, Q statistic = 99.32, p < .001, I 2 = 78.9%) (Figure ).…”

“…The analysis of five trials with six treatment arms (n = 349) (Gupta Jain et al, ; Torabi et al, ; Vafa et al, ; Zare et al, ; Ziegenfuss et al, ) could not reveal a significant effect on the body fat percent (WMD = −0.88%, 95% CI: −1.87, 0.025%; p = .057), and the heterogeneity was significant (Cochran's Q test = 23.38, p < .001, I 2 = 78.6%) (Figure ). The subgroup analysis showed that cinnamon consumption for 12 weeks or more had a favorable effect on the percentage of body fat compared with control (WMD = −1.70%, 95% CI: −2.29, −1.10%; p < .001; Cochran's Q test = 0.24; p = .88; I 2 = 0%) (Table ).…”

“…Although several studies have supported the anti‐obesity effect of cinnamon (Aldayel, ; Gupta Jain et al, ; Mirfeizi et al, ; Zare, Nadjarzadeh, Zarshenas, Shams, & Heydari, ; Ziegenfuss, Hofheins, Mendel, Landis, & Anderson, ), the others have led to conflicting results (Askari, Rashidkhani, & Hekmatdoost, ; Azimi, Ghiasvand, Feizi, Hariri, & Abbasi, ; Talaat & Ammar, ; Wainstein, Stern, Heller, & Boaz, ; Weitgasser et al, ). A recent meta‐analysis indicated that cinnamon might not have a significant impact on body weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) (Namazi et al, ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.…”