Efficacy of a live equine herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) strain C147 vaccine in foals with maternally‐derived antibody: protection against EHV‐1 infection

Patel, Jay; Didlick, S; Bateman, H. R.

doi:10.2746/0425164044868332

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…31,[42][43][44]50,52,68,70,71 The remaining studies had 100% sensitivity for the detection of EHV-1 in both nasal swabs and PBMC samples using cell culture-based virus isolation methods. 25,26,29,30,[33][34][35]38,[39][40][41]47,49,55,58,59,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67]69,74,[74][75][76][77][78][79]82 Experimental studies that used qPCR to detect the presence of EHV-1 DNA in both nasal swab and PBMC samples are shown in Figure 5B. Two studies reported 100% sensitivity for PCR-based detection of EHV-1 DNA in nasal swabs, while failing to detect the viral DNA in the blood (PBMC) samples.…”

Section: Relative Sensitivity Of Ehv-1 Detection In Nasal Swabs or Bl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viremia and nasal shedding for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus‐1 infection in domesticated horses

Pusterla,

Dorman,

Burgess

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundEquine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV‐1) infection is associated with upper respiratory disease, EHM, abortions, and neonatal death.Research QuestionsAre nasal secretions a more sensitive biological sample compared to blood for the detection of EHV‐1 infection? How long is EHV‐1 detectable after primary infection by PCR?MethodsMedLine and Web of Science searches identified original peer‐reviewed reports evaluating nasal shedding and viremia using virus isolation methods or PCR published in English before October 9, 2023.ResultsSixty experimental and 20 observational studies met inclusion criteria. EHV‐1 detection frequency by qPCR in nasal secretions and blood from naturally‐infected horses with fever and respiratory signs were 15% and 9%, respectively; qPCR detection rates in nasal secretions and blood from horses with suspected EHM were 94% and 70%, respectively. In experimental studies the sensitivity of qPCR matched or exceeded that seen for virus isolation from either nasal secretions or blood. Detection of nasal shedding typically occurred within 2 days after EHV‐1 inoculation with a detection period of 3 to 7 days. Viremia lasted 2 to 7 days and was usually detected ≥1 days after positive identification of EHV‐1 in nasal secretions. Nasal shedding and viremia decreased over time and remained detectable in some horses for several weeks after inoculation.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUnder experimental conditions, blood and nasal secretions have similar sensitivity for the detection of EHV‐1 when horses are sampled on multiple consecutive days. In contrast, in observational studies detection of EHV‐1 in nasal secretions was consistently more successful.

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Section: Relative Sensitivity Of Ehv-1 Detection In Nasal Swabs or Bl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viremia and nasal shedding for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus‐1 infection in domesticated horses

Pusterla,

Dorman,

Burgess

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…An experimental live temperature sensitive (ts) EHV-1 vaccine has shown remarkable efficacy against abortions and paresis after EHV-1 challenge of pregnant mares 6 months after a single intranasal (IN) vaccination [8]. This experimental vaccine also cross-protected yearlings against EHV-4 febrile respiratory disease and virus shedding [9] and was also significantly protective to foals with MDA to EHV-1 and EHV-4 upon EHV-1 challenge [10].…”

Section: Herpes Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoprophylaxis against important virus diseases of horses, farm animals and birds

Patel¹,

Heldens²

2009

Vaccine

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Since the refinement of tissue culture techniques for virus isolation and propagation from the mid 1960s onwards, veterinary virology has received much academic and industrial interest, and has now become a major global industry largely centred on vaccine development against economically important virus diseases of food animals. Bio-tech approaches have been widely used for improved vaccines development. While many viral diseases are controlled through vaccination, many still lack safe and efficacious vaccines. Additional challenges faced by academia, industry and governments are likely to come from viruses jumping species and also from the emergence of virulent variants of established viruses due to natural mutations. Also viral ecology is changing as the respective vectors adapt to new habitats as has been shown in the recent incursion by bluetongue virus into Europe. In this paper the current vaccines for livestock, horses and birds are described in a species by species order. The new promising bio-tech approaches using reverse genetics, non-replicating viral vectors, alpha virus vectors and genetic vaccines in conjunction with better adjuvants and better ways of vaccine delivery are discussed as well

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“…There is, however, a clear need for improved EHV-1 vaccines, particularly to protect against EHV-1 induced abortion and paresis and also to reduce the incidence and therefore the transmission of EHV-1 and EHV-4 by unweaned passively immune foals (Patel and Heldens, 2005). In this regard, a highly promising experimental EHV-1 vaccine was a temperature-sensitive (ts) strain cloned from a classically mutagenised stock of an abortigenic EHV-1 isolate (Patel et al, 2003a,b;Patel et al, 2004).…”

Section: Alpha Herpesvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary vaccine development from an industrial perspective

Heldens¹,

Patel²,

Chanter³

et al. 2008

The Veterinary Journal

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Veterinary vaccines currently available in Europe and in other parts of the world are developed by the veterinary pharmaceutical industry. The development of a vaccine for veterinary use is an economic endeavour that takes many years. There are many obstacles along the path to the successful development and launch of a vaccine. The industrial development of a vaccine for veterinary use usually starts after the proof of concept that is based on robust academic research. A vaccine can only be made available to the veterinary community once marketing authorisation has been granted by the veterinary authorities. This review gives a brief description of the regulatory requirements which have to be fulfilled before a vaccine can be admitted to the market. Vaccines have to be produced in a quality controlled environment to guarantee delivery of a product of consistent quality with well defined animal and consumer safety and efficacy characteristics. The regulatory and manufacturing legislative framework in which the development takes place is described, as well as the trend in developments in production systems. Recent developments in bacterial, viral and parasite vaccine research and development are also addressed and the development of novel adjuvants that use the expanding knowledge of immunology and disease pathology are described.

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Efficacy of a live equine herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) strain C147 vaccine in foals with maternally‐derived antibody: protection against EHV‐1 infection

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Viremia and nasal shedding for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus‐1 infection in domesticated horses

Viremia and nasal shedding for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus‐1 infection in domesticated horses

Immunoprophylaxis against important virus diseases of horses, farm animals and birds

Veterinary vaccine development from an industrial perspective

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