Effects of wildfire on long-term soil CO2 concentration: implications for karst processes

Coleborn, Katie; Spate, Andy; Tozer, Mark G.; Andersen, Martin S.; Fairchild, Ian J.; Mackenzie, Berin D. E.; Treble, Pauline C.; Meehan, S. Mendelson.; Baker, Andrew C.; Baker, Andy

doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4874-9

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…7a) reflect a clear climate signal: the LGM is manifested in this stalagmite by low net-infiltration levels and rather low precipitation on the archipelago (Shakun et al, 2007). In a recent study by DiNezio et al (2018) it was argued that the exposure of the Sahul shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum created a positive ocean-atmosphere feedback loop causing a drier and wetter dipole across the Indian Ocean and subsequent hydroclimate changes, i.e., reduced moisture levels in the Arabian Sea. The M1-5 multiproxy record suggests that towards the end of the glacial period the regional climatic conditions on Socotra Island likely shifted to a higher net infiltration which is reflected in a systematic long-term decrease of the Mg/Ca ratio from approximately 20 to 15 kyr BP.…”

Section: Climatic Controls Of Dcf At Moomi Cavementioning

confidence: 92%

“…For this study, we selected a speleothem (sample M1-5) from Socotra Island which documents a significant increase in monsoonal rainfall during the Bølling-Allerød interstadial (Shakun et al, 2007). These findings were recently corroborated by DiNezio et al (2018), who postulated a unique Indian Ocean climate dipole behavior linked to the monsoon during the last glacial. This dipole pattern, which seems predominantly driven by the exposure of the Sunda and Sahul shelves, causes a marked cooling and reduction in moisture availability in the Arabian Sea, leading to dry conditions in the region around Socotra Island during the last glacial period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean have been the focus of numerous paleoclimate studies in recent years (DiNezio et al, 2018;Fleitmann et al, 2003Fleitmann et al, , 2007Shakun et al, 2007), particularly concerning the potential impact of climatic changes in the North Atlantic region on the intensity of the Indian summer monsoon and low-latitude climate conditions. For this study, we selected a speleothem (sample M1-5) from Socotra Island which documents a significant increase in monsoonal rainfall during the Bølling-Allerød interstadial (Shakun et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate-induced speleothem radiocarbon variability on Socotra Island from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Younger Dryas

et al. 2020

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In this study, the dead carbon fraction (DCF) variations in stalagmite M1-5 from Socotra Island in the western Arabian Sea were investigated through a new set of highprecision U-series and radiocarbon ( 14 C) dates. The data reveal an extreme case of very high and also climate-dependent DCF. For M1-5, an average DCF of 56.2 ± 3.4 % is observed between 27 and 18 kyr BP. Such high DCF values indicate a high influence of aged soil organic matter (SOM) and nearly completely closed-system carbonate dissolution conditions. Towards the end of the last glacial period, decreasing Mg/Ca ratios suggest an increase in precipitation which caused a marked change in the soil carbon cycling as indicated by sharply decreasing DCF. This is in contrast to the relation of soil infiltration and DCF as seen in stalagmites from temperate zones.

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Section: Climatic Controls Of Dcf At Moomi Cavementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate-induced speleothem radiocarbon variability on Socotra Island from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Younger Dryas

et al. 2020

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“…For example, tree root respiration provides a source of CO 2 for the dissolution of limestone that is additional to that from soil and vadose zone microbial respiration. Coleborn et al (2016) found that vegetation regeneration determined post-fire soil CO 2 in a study investigating post-fire impacts on karst processes. Direct observations of tree water use within the karst unsaturated zone implies the presence of root respiration, a process which in turn affects drip water and speleothem 14 C and δ 13 C composition (Fairchild and Baker, 2012;Meyer et al, 2014;Noronha et al, 2015).…”

Section: Implications For Karst Architecture and Climate Proxy Modellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar-forced diurnal regulation of cave drip rates via phreatophyte evapotranspiration

Coleborn

Rau

Cuthbert

et al. 2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. We present results of a detailed study of drip rate variations at 12 drip discharge sites in Glory Hole Cave, New South Wales, Australia. Our novel time series analysis, using the wavelet synchrosqueezed transform, reveals pronounced oscillations at daily and sub-daily frequencies occurring in 8 out of the 12 monitored sites. These oscillations were not spatially or temporally homogenous, with different drip sites exhibiting such behaviour at different times of year in different parts of the cave. We test several hypotheses for the cause of the oscillations, including variations in pressure gradients between karst and cave due to cave breathing effects or atmospheric and earth tides, variations in hydraulic conductivity due to changes in viscosity of water with daily temperature oscillations, and solar-driven daily cycles of vegetative (phreatophytic) transpiration. We conclude that the only hypothesis consistent with the data and hydrologic theory is that daily oscillations are caused by solar-driven pumping by phreatophytic trees which are abundant at the site. The daily oscillations are not continuous and occur sporadically in short bursts (2–14 days) throughout the year due to non-linear modification of the solar signal via complex karst architecture. This is the first indirect observation leading to the hypothesis of tree water use in cave drip water. It has important implications for karst hydrology in regards to developing a new protocol to determine the relative importance of trends in drip rate, such as diurnal oscillations, and how these trends change over timescales of weeks to years. This information can also be used to infer karst architecture. This study demonstrates the importance of vegetation on recharge dynamics, information that will inform both process-based karst models and empirical estimation approaches. Our findings support a growing body of research exploring the impact of trees on speleothem paleoclimate proxies.

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Section: Implications For Karst Architecture and Climate Proxy Modellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Author response to reviewer comments

Coleborn¹

2016

Self Cite

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We present results of a detailed study of drip rate variations at 12 drip discharge sites in Glory Hole Cave, New South Wales, Australia. Our novel time series analysis, using the wavelet synchrosqueezed transform, reveals pronounced oscillations at daily and sub-daily frequencies occurring in 8 out of the 12 monitored sites. These oscillations were not spatially or temporally homogenous, with different drip sites exhibiting such behaviour at different times of year in different parts of the cave. We test several hypotheses for the cause of the oscillations, including variations in pressure gradients between karst and cave due to cave breathing effects or atmospheric and earth tides, variations in hydraulic conductivity due to changes in viscosity of water with daily temperature oscillations, and solar-driven daily cycles of vegetative (phreatophytic) transpiration. We conclude that the only hypothesis consistent with the data and hydrologic theory is that daily oscillations are caused by solar-driven pumping by phreatophytic trees which are abundant at the site. The daily oscillations are not continuous and occur sporadically in short bursts (2-14 days) throughout the year due to nonlinear modification of the solar signal via complex karst architecture. This is the first indirect observation leading to the hypothesis of tree water use in cave drip water. It has important implications for karst hydrology in regards to developing a new protocol to determine the relative importance of trends in drip rate, such as diurnal oscillations, and how these trends change over timescales of weeks to years. This information can also be used to infer karst architecture. This study demonstrates the importance of vegetation on recharge dynamics, information that will inform both process-based karst models and empirical estimation approaches. Our findings support a growing body of research exploring the impact of trees on speleothem paleoclimate proxies. Recent research examining drip hydrology and fluctuations in drip rate have used hydrological response to characterise Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Figure 1. Location of Yarrangobilly Caves in New South Wales, Australia, with photos of surface vegetation (b-d). Extent of Köppen climate zone is from Peel et al. (2007).

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Effects of wildfire on long-term soil CO2 concentration: implications for karst processes

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

Climate-induced speleothem radiocarbon variability on Socotra Island from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Younger Dryas

Climate-induced speleothem radiocarbon variability on Socotra Island from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Younger Dryas

Solar-forced diurnal regulation of cave drip rates via phreatophyte evapotranspiration

Author response to reviewer comments

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