Effects of whole raw soybean or whole cottonseed on milk yield and composition, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of lactating dairy cows

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of partial replacement of corn grain and soybean meal with whole raw soybean or whole cottonseed on milk yield and composition, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites. Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows (133.0 ± 53.1 days in milk, 585.2 ± 54.2 kg of BW and 32.22 ± 5.32 kg/day of milk) were used in six 3 × 3 Latin squares with 21-day periods. The cows were randomly assigned to receive one of the following diets: control (CT), diet without oilseed inclusion; whole soybean (WS), inclusion of 120 g/kg of whole raw soybean (diet DM basis); and whole cottonseed (WCS), inclusion of 120 g/kg of whole cottonseed (diet DM basis). Dietary supplementation with WS or WCS had no effect on milk yield and composition. DM and non-fibre carbohydrate intake were decreased in cows fed WS and WCS when compared with CT; however, WS and WCS increased ether extract intake and digestibility. The WCS decreased DM, crude protein, ether extract and non-fibre carbohydrate intake when compared with WS. Cows fed WCS had higher ruminal pH than those fed WS or CT. Cows fed WS showed higher propionate concentration than cows fed WCS. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased when cows were fed WS compared with those fed CT or WCS. The partial replacement of corn grain and soybean meal with WS or WCS in diets of mid-lactating dairy cows decreased DM intake and altered ruminal fermentation, but did not affect milk yield and composition.

Effects of flaxseed, raw soybeans and calcium salts of fatty acids on apparent total tract digestibility, energy balance and milk fatty acid profile of transition cows

“…The matrix complex that surrounds the cotyledon(s) (which represents 90% of the weight and contains practically all the oil and protein) of oilseeds offers some protection to the access of ruminal microorganisms (Lock and Bauman, 2004), and can be added in lactating cow diets without decreasing NDF total tract digestion and impairing ruminal fermentation (Almeida et al, 2015).…”

Effect of different dietary inclusion levels of whole raw soyabean on ruminal fermentation and nutrient utilization in Nelore steers

“…The same authors also reported no adverse effect of WRS anti-nutritional factors, such as trypsin inhibitor and urease, on dairy cow health and production (Venturelli et al, 2015;Barletta et al, 2016). In addition, de Almeida et al (2016) fed dairy cows 120 g · kg −1 of WRS and reported a decrease in DMI as the grain was included and an increase in ether extract (EE) intake, with no change in milk production and composition. However, Howlett et al (2003) fed steers diets containing 15% cottonseeds or 15% or 25% soyabeans on DM basis and reported that total-tract NDF digestibilities were the lowest for the oilseed treatments, suggesting that the negative effect of oils on the ruminal environment was not overcome postruminally.…”

“…Thus, according to the literature, WRS may partially replace ground maize and other protein sources, such as soyabean meal and urea Ventureli et al, 2015;de Almeida et al, 2016). Due to the increasing level of WRS in experimental diets, the contents of ground maize, soyabean meal and urea decreased.…”

“…Immediately after collection, the pH of the ruminal fluid was determined using a potentiometer (MB-10, Marte, Sapucaí, Brazil) as previously described by de Almeida et al (2016). For ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) concentration measurements, the ruminal fluid was mixed with sulphuric acid (0.5 mol · l −1 H 2 SO 4 ) and stored at −20 °C for posterior analysis with the salicylic acid method according to Foldager (1977).…”

Different durations of whole raw soybean supplementation during the prepartum period: Milk fatty acid profile and oocyte and embryo quality of early-lactating Holstein cows

“…Blood glucose, NEFA, nor BHB concentrations in the pre-and postpartum periods were affected by WS supplementation. Generally, blood glucose concentration of cows is not affected by WS supplementation either when provided during the dry period (Bettero et al, 2017) or during the lactation (Castañeda-Gutiérrez et al, 2007;Almeida et al, 2016). Differences in blood glucose concentration among treatments are not ex- Ratio of total C18 UFA to total C18 SFA.…”