Effects of Whole-Grain Paddy Rice on Growth Performance, Oxidative Stress and Morphological Alterations of the Intestine in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Acute and Chronic Heat Stress

Abstract

We have previously shown that, under thermoneutral conditions, the growth performance of chicks fed a ricebased diet containing 6% soybean oil [metabolizable energy (ME): 2,800 kcal/kg] for 28 days was comparable to that obtained with a corn-based diet containing 6% soybean oil (ME: 3,100 kcal/kg). However, there is no information available concerning how such diets compare with respect to growth performance under heat stress conditions. The present study was therefore conducted to clarify differences in dietary effectiveness between corn-based and wholegrain paddy rice-based diets [formulated to be equivalent in terms of fat (6%), but not iso-caloric] under the two conditions of acute and chronic heat stress (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, respectively). In Experiment 1, the body weight gain of a corn-and rice-fed group of chickens exposed to acute heat (33℃-12 h) were significantly decreased compared with that of a corn-fed control group (24℃), with similar results obtained for the two heat-treated groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the M. pectoralis superficialis were significantly increased in corn-fed birds exposed to acute heat stress, but not in the rice-fed group (33℃-12 h). In Experiment 2, body weight gains in the corn-and rice-fed groups exposed to chronic heat (33℃-6 d) were significantly decreased, and to a similar extent, compared with the corn-fed control group (24℃). Muscle MDA levels in the corn-and rice-fed groups were similarly increased by the chronic heat exposure compared with the control group. These results suggest that, in response to acute heat stress (but not chronic heat stress) conditions, the feeding of whole-grain paddy rice diet to chickens may attenuate skeletal muscle oxidative damage compared with that in corn-fed chickens. The possible involvement of intestinal morphology (such as the villus height: crypt depth ratio observed here) on growth performance is also discussed.

Heat Stress Biomarker Amino Acids and Neuropeptide Afford Thermotolerance in Chicks

“…NPY has been considered as a food-intake regulator; however, our studies have revealed a novel role for NPY in reducing stress and body temperature in chicks under heat stress. As heat stress is a serious concern for the present and future poultry industry, our and other studies (Furukawa et al, 2015;Nanto et al, 2015;El-Deep et al, 2016;Mahmoudi et al, 2018) will contribute to overcome this serious, global challenge.…”

Effects of Replacing Corn with Rice or Brown Rice on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Apparent Fecal Digestibility of Nutrient in Hy-Line Brown Laying Hens

“…To offset this demand, several studies demonstrated that the rice, including brown rice, shows potential for use as a substitute for maize in poultry feed (Honda et al, 2011;Sittiya et al, 2011;Nanto et al, 2015Nanto et al, , 2016. In Korea, a search for local sources of poultry feed has been underway to replace expensive imported feed stuffs, mainly maize and soybeans.…”

The suppressive effect of dietary coenzyme Q10 on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress in chickens exposed to heat stress

“…Protein carbonyl content in Pectoralis superficialis muscles was measured as a major marker of oxidative stress as previously described (Nanto et al 2015). The protein carbonyl content was determined by derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) (Levine et al 1990;Dalle-Donne et al 2003).…”