Effects of water extractable phytochemicals of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and axlewood (Anogeissus leiocarpus) stem bark on some enzymes implicated in erectile dysfunction and type-2 diabetes

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Swietenia macrophylla (SM) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (AL) extracts on enzymes relevant to erectile dysfunction (phosphodiesterase‐5 and arginase) and type‐2 diabetes (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase), assess their antioxidant potential and characterize their phenolic constituents. The results revealed that extracts inhibited α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, with AL having higher α‐amylase inhibitory properties (IC50 = 223.41 µg/mL) than SM (IC50 = 293.90 µg/mL). Also, the extracts inhibited both phosphodiesterase‐5 and arginase in dose‐dependent manner in vitro; nevertheless, AL showed higher inhibition [phosphodiesterase‐5 (IC50 = 174.19 µg/mL); arginase (38.01 µg/mL)] than SM [phosphodiesterase‐5 (IC50 = 470.66 µg/mL); arginase (54.25 µg/mL)]. In addition, the extracts possess antioxidant properties and HPLC analysis of phenolic constituents revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, and quercetin. However, the results suggest that AL and SM could offer a therapeutic source of erectogenic and anti‐diabetic agents. Practical applications The data generated in this study suggest that axlewood stem and mahogany stem bark could be useful in the management of diabetes and erectile dysfunction. In addition, isolation and identification of active components of these plants could represent a novel nutraceutical with erectogenic and anti‐diabetic potential that has therapeutic effectiveness in the management of male impotence and diabetes.

A comprehensive mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the effect of chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) supplementation in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of literature

“…Hyperglycaemia can directly damage proteins, lipids and DNA in diabetes through different mechanisms, such as protein kinase C activation, hexosamine pathway activation, production of polyols and AGEs, inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in an increase in the level of ROS. 56,57 The overproduction of ROS (oxidative stress) plays a crucial role in the development of microvascular (diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy) and macrovascular (coronary peripheral arterial disease, artery disease and stroke) complications. 58 Oxidative stress also activates the NF-Kb pathway, impairs the antioxidant protection system, increases oxidative stress biomarkers and decreases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and free radical scavenging agents, including CAT, GSH, SOD, GPX and GST.…”

Characterization and Screening Active Phytochemical Compounds of 70% Ethanol Extract of Mahogany Seed (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.)

“…is one Indonesian medicinal plant that grows mainly in Java and Sumatra island, famous for its many properties (Ahmad et al, 2019;Hasan, 2017). From the study results, mahogany ethanolic extract can reduce blood glucose levels through the inhibition mechanism of the enzyme alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, phosphodiesterase-5, and arginase (Oboh et al, 2017). Besides, mahogany seeds can increase body weight, the content of the enzyme superoxide dismutase in pancreatic tissue, and reduce the rate of damage from beta-pancreatic cells (Wresdiyati et al, 2015).…”

“…Management of diabetes mellitus healing therapy using oral hypoglycemic drugs such as sulfonylurea and biguanides has significant side effects and requires high costs if consumed continuously (Oboh et al, 2017;Sukardiman et al, 2012). These problems have led to an increase in the demand for new antidiabetic natural products with lower side effects and high antidiabetic potential (Ghosh et al, 2011).…”

“…Tests on humans show that mahogany seeds have a more significant effect on reducing blood glucose levels compared to the antidiabetic drug Glimepiride (Astuti et al, 2017). Research on the search for herbal remedies mostly provides information that the hypoglycemic effect produced by mahogany plants originates from the mechanism of action of active compounds from secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, phenolic, terpenoid, steroid, glycoside, saponin, alkaloid, tannin, or anthraquinone classes contained therein (Ahmad et al, 2019;Moghadamtousi et al, 2013;Oboh et al, 2017).…”

Aktivitas Fraksi Air Kulit Batang Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King.) Dan Studi In Silico Senyawa Kimia Penghambat Enzim α-Glukosidase

“…Hasil pengujian pada fraksi menunjukkan fraksi air memberikan aktivitas terbaik dalam menghambat enzim α-glukosidase dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 1,51 µg/mL (Tabel 2). Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, Ekstrak air kulit batang mahoni dapat menghambat enzim α-glukosidase dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 182,32 µg/mL (Oboh, Adebayo & Ademosun, 2017). Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan, karena proses partisi, sehingga pada fraksi air memberikan aktivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak air.…”