Effects of Vaccination on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in South Africa

Abstract

Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease among children in South Africa fell substantially by 2012. Reductions in the rates of disease caused by PCV7 serotypes among both children and adults most likely reflect the direct and indirect effects of vaccination. (Funded by the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service and others.).

Deploy vaccines to fight superbugs

“…Yet several vaccines already help to stem AMR. Some, such as the pneumococcal vaccine, do so directly by reducing the carriage and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria 9 . Others do so indirectly.…”

Pneumococcal serotype distribution: A snapshot of recent data in pediatric and adult populations around the world

“…31,33,40,41,44 Prevalence of serotypes uniquely covered by PPV23 was reported in a total of 33 papers. Most often ranking in the top 3 among those serotypes in PPV23 but not in PCV13 for IPDrelated pneumococcal illness were serotypes 15B (or 15B/C) reported in 9 papers 6,[8][9][10]15,17,20,24,26 at up to 11.8% prevalent, 26 5 papers reporting serotype 22F ( 11.3%) 15 Prevalence of serotypes not covered by any pneumococcal vaccines (i.e., PCV13 or PPV23) was reported in a total of 34 papers. Most often ranking in the top 3 among nonvaccine serotypes in IPD-related pneumococcal illness were serotypes 15A reported in 4 papers at up to 6.5% prevalent, 8 15,17 and non-IPD (1.2-5.6%), 43,45,48 cases.…”

“…Other prevalent serotypes of note were 8 (4 studies; 4.7%), 6,9,24,57 22F (4 studies; 4.1%) 6,9,24,57 and 9N (3 studies; 3.5%). 6,9,24 Prevalence of serotypes not covered by any pneumococcal vaccines was reported in 2 IPD studies. Serotypes 6C and 16F were the most prevalent among non-vaccine serotypes in a US and South African study, respectively.…”

In 2035, will all bacteria be multidrug resistant? We are not sure

“…At the community level, immunization for bacterial infections may be further developed. Universal immunization programs for pneumococcal disease have not only resulted in major decreases of invasive infections across all ages in populations but have also been associated with decreases in resistance [14]. Enhanced immunization efforts for other bacterial diseases such as urosepsis caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae may become equally as effective.…”