Effects of tricalcium silicate/sodium alginate/calcium sulfate hemihydrate composite cements on osteogenic performances in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

In this study, ternary organic-inorganic composite bone cements of tricalcium silicate/sodium alginate/calcium sulfate hemihydrate (C 3 S/SA/CS) were successfully fabricated for in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis study, mainly including proliferation, attachment and osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and bone regeneration in critical-sized rabbit femoral condyle defect model. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated with the C 3 S/SA/CS composite cements exhibited good proliferation, excellent attachment, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, increased calcium deposition, and osteogenic-related gene expressions with increasing calcium sulfate component. Depending on optimally combinatorial effect of bioactive calcium and silicon ions in osteogenic differentiation, the C3 composite cement (C 3 S/SA/CS: 35/35/30 wt%, inorganic content: 65 wt%) with moderate surface wettability and suitable environmental pH possessed more remarkable osteogenic activity as compared with other compositions of composite cements. Furthermore, in vivo results of micro-CT analysis and histological evaluation confirmed that the C3 composite cement with enhanced cell attachment and osteogenic differentiation could induce much more bone formation and better osseointegration in comparison with the C0 composite cement (C 3 S/SA/CS: 50/50/0 wt%). Therefore, the C3 composite cement with significantly improved osteogenesis capacity might have certain potential as bioactive implantable materials for bone regeneration.

Developing a novel magnesium calcium phosphate/sodium alginate composite cement with high strength and proper self-setting time for bone repair

“…The composite cements in this research were composed of magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 · H 2 O) and sodium alginate (–(C 6 H 7 O 6 Na) n –). These components were the commonly used medical materials which have good biosafety and biocompatibility, 12,26 and the stable interface among these components was formed during composite cements setting. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the reaction products of the composite cements were Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , CaHPO 4 and unhydrated MgO.…”

Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Gypsum-Based Nanocomposite Bone Cements

“…Furthermore, the composite made thereafter was also shown to have enhanced bioactivity and favorable resorption characteristics as compared with pure gypsum cement [67]. A ternary organic-inorganic composite bone cements of tricalcium silicate/sodium alginate/POP (C 3 S/SA/POP) were successfully shown to exhibit good proliferation, excellent attachment, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, increased calcium deposition, and osteogenic-related gene expressions with growing calcium sulfate component [68].…”

Insight Into Osseointegration of Nanohydroxyapatite/Polyamide 66 Based on the Radiolucent Gap: Comparison With Polyether-Ether-Ketone

“…A global threshold was utilized to segment the newly formed bone from each implant. After thresholding, the specific area within 1 mm from the implant surface was reconstructed and defined as the volume of interest (VOI) (Xu et al, 2018), the percentage of bone volume (BV) to the total tissue volume (TV; BV/TV%) within the VOI was calculated, trabecular thickness (TbTh; mm), trabecular number (TbN; 1/mm), and trabecular spacing (TbSp; mm) were calculated by using its auxiliary software (SCANCO VivaCT80, Switzerland) (Chai et al, 2012;Ji et al, 2020).…”