Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Gypsum-Based Nanocomposite Bone Cements

Abstract

Hard tissues are natural nanocomposites comprising collagen nanofibers that are interlocked with hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystallites. This mechanical interlocking at the nanoscale provides the unique properties of hard tissues (bone and teeth). Upon fracture, cements are usually used for treatment of simple fractures or as an adhesive for the treatment of complicated fractures that require the use of metallic implants. Most of the commercially available bone cements are polymer-based, and lack the required bioactivity for a successful cementation. Besides calcium phosphate cements, gypsum is one of the early recognized and used biomaterials as a basi for a self-setting cementation. It is based on the controlled hydration of plaster of Paris at room temperature and its subsequent conversion to a self-setting solid gypsum product. In our work, we have taken this process further towards the development of a set of nanocomposites that have enhanced bioactivity and mechanical properties. This chapter will outline the formation, characterization, and properties of gypsum-based nanocomposites for bone cement applications. These modified cements can be formulated at room temperature and have been shown to possess a high degree of bioactivity, and are considered potential candidates for bone fracture and defect treatment.

Effect of glycerin as a plasticizer on flexural strength in the fabrication of gypsum-based chip

“…Gypsum is a biocompatible material that has been widely used clinically for periodontitis, endodontic lesions, alveolar bone loss, and maxillary sinus augmentation. 7,8 Gypsum has a unique crystal structure and high calcium content so it has an osteoconductive characteristic. 11 However, due to its brittleness, glycerin was added in varying concentrations in this study with the aim of reducing the brittle characteristic of gypsum chips.…”

“…The chosen ceramic material is gypsum because it can be easily modified by physical and chemical modifications, making gypsum a widely used material in dentistry. 8 Gypsum is osteoconductive, so it will help in the regeneration process of alveolar bone affected by periodontitis. Gypsum also has biodegradable properties and is biocompatible so it can be an ideal candidate in the treatment for periodontitis.…”

“…Gypsum also has biodegradable properties and is biocompatible so it can be an ideal candidate in the treatment for periodontitis. 8 The biodegradable nature of gypsum allows for the release of the drugs such as antibiotics. 9 However, gypsum is a brittle material.…”

Deeply Implanted Conformal Antenna for Real-Time Bio-Telemetry Applications

“…To anticipate this multilayer geometry, the bone was prototyped by a 3D printer (Plastic-2), the muscle tissue-like liquid was synthesized according to [ 19 , 40 ] and measured/characterized experimentally, while the skin–fat layers were substituted with a plastic bucket (of a slightly conical shape, similar to a leg) of Plastic-1 material. The dielectric layer of thickness of t d = 1 mm all along the implant length consisting of gypsum [ 27 , 41 ] was chosen because of the similar structure of bone (high calcium content of both materials) and low cost.…”

“…Moreover, because of the osteoconductive properties of CaSO 4 , gypsum is widely used in bone creation. In addition, the bio-resorption (safe for the human body) of gypsum is another advantage for this bio-material that makes it attractive [ 27 ]. The values above refer to the ISM frequency band.…”