Effects of thymol supplementation on performance, mortality and branchial energetic metabolism in grass carp experimentally infected by Aeromonas hydrophila

Morselli, Monique Berticelli; Baldissera, Matheus D.; Souza, Carine F.; Reis, João H.; Baldisserotto, Bernardo; Sousa, Alison Alves de; Zimmer, Fernando; Lopes, Diogo L.A.; Petrolli, Tiago Goulart; Silva, Aleksandro S. Da

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103915

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The safety of this agent might limit its application in fish farming. As described previously, thymol at a dosage of 100 mg/kg could significantly increase the survival rate of grass carp post infection of A. hydrophila [34]. The findings indicated that thymol is safe for fish in doses lower than 100 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Thymol Protects Channel Catfish from Aeromonas hydrophila Infection by Inhibiting Aerolysin Expression and Biofilm Formation

et al. 2020

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Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a number of diseases in freshwater farming. Moreover, the bacterium has been identified as a zoonotic pathogen that threatens human health. Antibiotics are widely used for treatments of infectious diseases in aquaculture. However, the abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains. Thus, novel strategies are required against resistant A. hydrophila strains. The quorum sensing (QS) system, involved in virulence factor production and biofilm formation, is a promising target in identifying novel drugs against A. hydrophila infections. In this study, we found that thymol, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, could significantly reduce the production of aerolysin and biofilm formation by inhibiting the transcription of genes aerA, ahyI, and ahyR. These results indicate that thymol inhibits the quorum sensing system. The protective effects of thymol against A. hydrophila mediated cell injury were determined by live/dead assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Moreover, the in vivo study showed that thymol could significantly decrease the mortality of channel catfish infected with A. hydrophila. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that thymol could be chosen as a phytotherapeutic candidate for inhibiting quorum sensing system-mediated aerolysin production and biofilm formation in A. hydrophila.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The findings indicated that thymol is safe for fish in doses lower than 100 mg/kg. Studies published by Morselli et al [34] and Cunha et al [35] demonstrated that thymol could decrease A. hydrophila-mediated mortality in grass carp and Rhamdia quelen. However, the influence of thymol on A. hydrophila has not been well studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thymol Protects Channel Catfish from Aeromonas hydrophila Infection by Inhibiting Aerolysin Expression and Biofilm Formation

et al. 2020

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“…For example, Baldissera et al(2018) reported that the infection of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) by A. caviae increased the hepatic and renal ROS and MDA levels 4 days post-infection (dpi). In addition, Morselli et al(2020) reported that A. hydrophila infection in grass carp increased the branchial ROS levels 7 dpi. The A. hydrophila infection in silver catfish increased the hepatic MDA and PC levels 2 dpi (Baldissera et al2017).…”

Section: Effect Of Fish Aeromonosis On Non-enzymatic Markers Of Oxida...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish infections associated with the genus Aeromonas : a review of the effects on oxidative status

Bandeira

Baldisserotto

2021

J of Applied Microbiology

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The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of aeromonosis on fish oxidative status. The bibliographic survey was carried out on the research platforms: Scopus and Science Direct. The keywords 'Aeromonas', 'fish' and 'oxidative status' (or 'oxidative stress', 'oxidative damage' and similar terms) were used. Scientific papers and short communications were considered. Studies involving fish aeromonosis and enzymatic or non-enzymatic markers of oxidative status were selected. The results of antioxidant enzymes activities/expressions after infection lack consistency, suggesting that these findings should be interpreted with caution. Most of the analysed studies pointed to an increase in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation levels, indicating possible oxidative damage caused by the infection. Thus, these three biomarkers are excellent indicators of oxidative stress during infection. Regarding respiratory burst activity, several studies have indicated increased activity, but other studies have indicated unchanged activity after infection. Nitric oxide levels also increased after infection in most studies. Therefore, it is suggested that the fish's immune system tries to fight a bacterial infection by releasing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

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“…The effect of some single specific bioactive compounds related to aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family, such thymol or carvacrol, upon mucosal tissues were also reported (Table 1). Although these studies have the advantage to associate a specific mucosal response to the administration of a specific compound, once again it is observed that most of them only reported the analysis of few immune and oxidative markers (97,98,101,103), or a limited microbiological examination (99, 100). In fact, few studies were observed to apply complementary analysis, or achieved to successfully discuss the multifactorial impact exerted by such nutritional strategies upon mucosal tissues (107,108).…”

Section: Effect Of Dietary Terpene Phenolic Compounds Upon Fish Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytogenic Bioactive Compounds Shape Fish Mucosal Immunity

et al. 2021

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Aquaculture growth will unavoidably involve the implementation of innovative and sustainable production strategies, being functional feeds among the most promising ones. A wide spectrum of phytogenics, particularly those containing terpenes and organosulfur compounds, are increasingly studied in aquafeeds, due to their growth promoting, antimicrobial, immunostimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and sedative properties. This trend relies on the importance of the mucosal barrier in the fish defense. Establishing the phytogenics’ mode of action in mucosal tissues is of importance for further use and safe administration. Although the impact of phytogenics upon fish mucosal immunity has been extensively approached, most of the studies fail in addressing the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. Unstandardized testing as an extended practice also questions the reproducibility and safety of such studies, limiting the use of phytogenics at commercial scale. The information presented herein provides insight on the fish mucosal immune responses to phytogenics, suggesting their mode of action, and ultimately encouraging the practice of reliable and reproducible research for novel feed additives for aquafeeds. For proper screening, characterization and optimization of their mode of action, we encourage the evaluation of purified compounds using in vitro systems before moving forward to in vivo trials. The formulation of additives with combinations of compounds previously characterized is recommended to avoid bacterial resistance. To improve the delivery of phytogenics and overcome limitations associated to compounds volatility and susceptibility to degradation, the use of encapsulation is advisable. Besides, newer approaches and dedicated methodologies are needed to elucidate the phytogenics pharmacokinetics and mode of action in depth.

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Effects of thymol supplementation on performance, mortality and branchial energetic metabolism in grass carp experimentally infected by Aeromonas hydrophila

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Thymol Protects Channel Catfish from Aeromonas hydrophila Infection by Inhibiting Aerolysin Expression and Biofilm Formation

Thymol Protects Channel Catfish from Aeromonas hydrophila Infection by Inhibiting Aerolysin Expression and Biofilm Formation

Fish infections associated with the genus Aeromonas : a review of the effects on oxidative status

Phytogenic Bioactive Compounds Shape Fish Mucosal Immunity

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