Fish infections associated with the genus Aeromonas : a review of the effects on oxidative status

Abstract

The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of aeromonosis on fish oxidative status. The bibliographic survey was carried out on the research platforms: Scopus and Science Direct. The keywords 'Aeromonas', 'fish' and 'oxidative status' (or 'oxidative stress', 'oxidative damage' and similar terms) were used. Scientific papers and short communications were considered. Studies involving fish aeromonosis and enzymatic or non-enzymatic markers of oxidative status were selected. The results of antioxidant enzymes activities/expressions after infection lack consistency, suggesting that these findings should be interpreted with caution. Most of the analysed studies pointed to an increase in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation levels, indicating possible oxidative damage caused by the infection. Thus, these three biomarkers are excellent indicators of oxidative stress during infection. Regarding respiratory burst activity, several studies have indicated increased activity, but other studies have indicated unchanged activity after infection. Nitric oxide levels also increased after infection in most studies. Therefore, it is suggested that the fish's immune system tries to fight a bacterial infection by releasing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

The role of Aeromonas genotyping in virulence for Dicentrarchus labrax

“…(2018) found that reactive oxygen species have increased in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen exposed to A. caviae infection; they also reported increased activity of antioxidant enzymes than in non‐infected fish. Also, Bandeira Junior and Baldisserotto (2020) mentioned that reactive oxygen species are considered good indicators for oxidative stress during Aeromonas infection in fish; fish fight bacterial infection by releasing reactive oxygen. They reported that Aeromonas infection induced the activity of the antioxidant enzyme.…”

Effects of probiotics on Zebrafish model infected with Aeromonas hydrophila: spatial distribution, antimicrobial, and histopathological investigation

“…In the genera of freshwater and brackish water fish, Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus ( IHNV ), Lymphocystis Disease Virus ( LCDV ), Pseudomonas, Citrobacter , Proteus, Streptococcus, Edwardsiella, Staphylococcus, and different species of Vibrio , are considered as the most life-threatening infections. One of the major diseases in the fish is caused by Aeromonas hydrophila , which is colonized in the GI tracts of the fish, leading to severe hemorrhagic septicemia and enteritis [ 10 ]. Current therapeutic strategies for the fish mainly include the usage of chemotherapeutic drugs like antibiotics and vaccination [ 5 ].…”

The variation of intestinal autochthonous bacteria in cultured tiger pufferfish Takifugu rubripes

“…Besides the variations of bacterial communities in healthy fish ( de Bruijn et al., 2018 ), the effect of environmental factors on intestinal bacteria ( Wang et al., 2018 ) and interactions between intestinal bacteria and immune response ( Gómez and Balcázar, 2008 ; Nie et al., 2017 ) were also drew much interest recently. The immune system impacts the ecology of commensal bacterial communities, and the bacteria were also found to be able to elicit a mild inflammatory reaction and activate the innate immune response after they were colonized in zebrafish larvae ( Montalban-Arques et al., 2015 ), and induce oxidative stress ( Yin et al., 2015 ; Bandeira Junior and Baldisserotto, 2021 ). Some intestinal bacterial taxa were also reported as health indicators in marine invertebrate species ( Xiong et al., 2015 ; Huang et al., 2018 ).…”