Effects of the Ultrasonic Assisted Surface Rolling Process on the Fatigue Crack Initiation Position Distribution and Fatigue Life of 51CrV4 Spring Steel

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of the fatigue crack initiation position (FCIP) on fatigue life are discussed. Different modified gradient fields (MGFs) are prepared on the surface of 51CrV4 spring steel components by an ultrasonic assisted surface rolling process (USRP). Subsequently, the fatigue behaviour of steels with different FCIPs is systematically studied. The results show that the fatigue life of steels first exhibits an increasing tendency and then a decreasing tendency with increasing distance between an FCIP and the surface. When an FCIP shifts from the surface of the sample to the interior, the fatigue crack initiation resistance on the interior is greater than that on the surface, which leads to an increase in fatigue life. However, when the FCIP further shifts towards the centre of the specimen, the stress triaxiality experienced by the fatigue source gradually increases, which results in a peak in the curve of FCIP versus fatigue life. The magnitude of this peak fatigue life is related to the change in the stress triaxiality. Moreover, according to focused ion beam-high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (FIB-HRTEM) microstructural analysis near FCIPs, under a higher stress triaxiality, the crack tip area is subject to greater stress constraints, making the multiplication and movement of dislocations in this area more difficult, resulting in the decrease in movable dislocation density. This decrease in dislocation density leads to an increase in the stress concentration and accelerates the crack growth rate, decreasing the fatigue life. Therefore, the significant change in fatigue life is controlled by the MGF and stress triaxiality.

Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process: Properties, Characterization, and Applications

“…Below 8 μm depth hardly, there was any deformation. Xu et al [50] have subjected a spring steel (with 0.5 wt.% C, 1.0 wt.% Mn and 1.12 wt.% Cr) to USRP with static load up to 862 N. They observed a gradient of microstructures up to a depth of 48 μm and The following sections will provide a salient view of microstructural features developed during the USRP of ferrous-based and non-ferrous-based materials.…”

“…Below 8 µm depth hardly, there was any deformation. Xu et al [50] have subjected a spring steel (with 0.5 wt.% C, 1.0 wt.% Mn and 1.12 wt.% Cr) to USRP with static load up to 862 N. They observed a gradient of microstructures up to a depth of 48 µm and within that acicular microstructure observed in the top 4 µm. Luan et al [51] have explored microstructural change of ultra-high-strength steel (45CrNiMoVA) subjected to USRP, and they correlated the microstructural change to surface integrity.…”

Optimization of Heat Treatment for 38Si7 Spring Steel with Excellent Mechanical Properties and Controlled Decarburization

“…Currently, the most common spring steels are 60Si2Mn [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], 60Si2MnWE [ 11 ], 60Si2CrA [ 12 ], 51CrV4 [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], 38Si7 [ 8 , 10 ], etc. Their chemical constituents are shown in Table 1 .…”