Effects of the Developmental Stage at Harvest on Dry Matter and Chemical Component Partitioning in Berseem

Iannucci, Anna; Fonzo, N. di; Martiniello, P.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-037x.1996.tb00460.x

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Conversely, defoliation induced a reduction in herbage DM yield but provided forage of good quality, because it increased the LSR indirectly increasing herbage quality traits. Furthermore, in agreement with other studies (Kust and Smith, 1961;Wilman and Altimini, 1984;Buxton et al, 1985;Iannucci et al, 1996), early cutting produced higher quality traits than late cutting.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Cutting is the main agronomic factor that affects morphology and the expression of yield potential, and indirectly determines nutritive value. Previous research has shown that DM production, seed yield and the partitioning of assimilates in berseem plant organs depend on the phenological stage of development at which plants are cut (Iannucci et al. , 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes during growth in the nutritive value of components of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) under different cutting treatments in a Mediterranean region

Santis

Iannucci

Dantone

et al. 2004

Grass and Forage Science

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The nutritive value of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) may be influenced by changes in the nutrient concentrations of morphological fractions as a consequence of cutting treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cutting treatments on the nutritive value of herbage and leaf and stem components in two Mediterranean berseem genotypes during growth in order to develop management approaches for harvesting forage with a high nutritive value. Spring growth of genotypes of Egyptian (cv. Giza 10) and Italian (cv. Sacromonte) origins was harvested in each of 2 years beginning 196 days after sowing and thereafter every 6 days (twelve harvests in total) to measure dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value. Cutting treatments were initiated at sixth internode elongation (A) and early flowering (B) and there was an uncut control treatment (C). In vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVOMD) and crude protein (CP) concentration were determined for leaf, stem and total forage of each cultivar at each harvest. For both cultivars, in the uncut treatment (C), DM yield increased linearly to a maximum of 14 800 kg ha )1 , on average, by 250 days after planting, the same time at which stem DM accumulation peaked, whereas the nutritive value, in terms of IVOMD and CP concentration, declined with age, coinciding with a reduction in leaf:stem ratio (LSR) from 1AE00 to 0AE30. Plant parts differed (P < 0AE01) in nutritive value with stems being of lower nutritive value than leaves, in the two cutting treatments. There were strong positive correlations between LSR and herbage IVOMD and CP concentration, in both cutting treatments, indicating that, during growth, part of the changes in IVOMD and CP concentration of berseem clover plants was due primarily to the changes in the LSR. Defoliation induced a considerable reduction in DM yield, but an increase in the LSR and a small increase in nutritive value. Plants cut at the sixth internode elongation (A) showed a small proportional decrease (0AE19) in total DM yield, but higher LSR values and similar or higher IVOMD and CP concentration than initiating cutting at early flower (B). Delaying defoliation to the early flowering stage (B) increased the proportion of stems and, therefore, decreased nutritive value. Therefore, harvest management in which cuts are applied at the stage of sixth internode elongation appears to be the most favourable for obtaining relatively high yields of forage with high nutritive value in berseem clover grown in Mediterranean regions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes during growth in the nutritive value of components of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) under different cutting treatments in a Mediterranean region

Santis

Iannucci

Dantone

et al. 2004

Grass and Forage Science

Self Cite

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“…Joost and Mooso (1989) and Iannucci et al (1996) also observed a high leaf content when berseem was ctit frequently. De Santis et al (2004) noted that in berseem clover defoliation induces an increase in leafistem ratio and in nutritive value because, as observed also in other forage legumes (McGraw and Marten, 1986;Lloverás and Iglesias, 2001), leaf stem ratio is consistently associated with a greater forage quality.…”

Section: Interval Ofmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effects of Stubble Height and Cutting Frequency on Regrowth of Berseem Clover in a Mediterranean Semiarid Environment

2011

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Defoliation management of forage crops affects endogenous reserves (in the root and in the stubble), the residual leaf area, and, consequently, the regrowth and biomass yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cutting frequency (28-d vs. 35-d intervals) and stubble height (3 vs. 6 cm) on forage yield, regrowth, and persistence of berseem clover {Trifolium alexandrinum L.). Neither cutting interval nor cutting height affected plant survival during the crop cycle. Frequent clipping reduced crop yield. Residual biomass and leaf area were less when plants were cut at a height of 3 cm compared with 6 cm, but stubble height did not affect the total amount of dry matter (DM) removed. However, with a cutting interval of 28 d, DM yield was greater with a stubble height of 6 cm compared with 3 cm, whereas stubble height generally had no effect with a cutting interval of 35 d. This study shows that severe defoliation, which substantially reduces residual photosynthetic area, forces berseem clover plants to mobilize reserves from the taproot. With frequent clipping, taproot reserves are depleted and regrowth is impaired, whereas less frequent clipping enables taproot reserves to be restored. In contrast, less severe defoliation, which results in a considerable residual leaf area, promotes rapid regrowth regardless of the frequency of defoliation. Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento dei Sistemi Agroainbientali, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy. Received 12 Oct. 2010. *Corresponding avtthor (amato@unipa.it). Abbreviations: DM, dry matter; LAI, leaf area index.B ERSEEM CLOVER {TrifoUum alexandrinum L.) is an annual forage legume commonly cultivated in Mediterranean environments for its high biomass production, nutritive value, and palatability (Knight, 1985;Martiniello et al, 1996). It is grown as a pure stand or as a mixture species with annual ryegrass {Loliutn multiflorum Lam.), oat {Avena sativa L.), or vetch {Vicia sativa L.) for hay production (Giambalvo et al., 2011). It has a higher capacity to recover after cutting or grazing than traditional forage legumes such as vetch, crimson clover {Trifolium incarnatum L.), fenugreek {Trigonella focnuni-graecuin L.), and sulla {Hedysarum coronarium L.).This characteristic makes multiple defoliations an option during the late autumn to late spring period (Knight, 1985). However, the stubble height (the residue height of tissue remaining after grazing) and frequency (the interval between successive bouts of grazing) varies widely according to animal type, grazing management (rotational or continuous stocking and stocking rate), and environmental characteristics. Defoliation management of legumes affects the endogenous reserves in the crowns and taproots as well as morpho-physiological traits such as the number of growth points and root size. Consequently, defoliation affects yield, nutritive value, shoot regrowth, and persistence (Parsons et al.

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“…An increase in proportion of stem could decrease CP concentrations of berseem clover. Iannucci et al. (1996) reported average CP concentrations for plant fractions of berseem clover of 270 g kg −1 DM for leaves, 125 g kg −1 DM for stems and 135 g kg −1 for roots.…”

Section: Forage Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2001). Growth analysis studies of berseem clover have been conducted when grown as a winter annual in Morocco (Guessous, 1981), south‐eastern USA (Brink and Fairbrother, 1992) and Italy (Iannucci et al. , 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. I. Primary growth characteristics and forage quality at four densities of oats

Ross

King

O’Donovan

et al. 2005

Grass and Forage Science

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Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) was sown as an intercrop with oats (Avena sativa L.) at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 240 oats plants m )2 in May in 1999 and 2000 in Alberta, Canada. Forage yield and quality were measured at 10-d intervals between 35 and 88 d after planting (DAP). Yield is defined as the biomass above 6 cm of the soil surface. The dry-matter (DM) yield of berseem clover in sole crops increased by 5-10 g m )2 d )1 between 35 and 55 DAP and then increased by 21-28 g m )2 d )1 between 55 and 75 DAP. The DM yields of oats sown at 240 plants m )2 increased by 26-28 g m )2 d )1 over the whole period from 35 to 75 DAP. Oats were the dominant component in the intercrops, even at low densities of oats. Berseem clover grown with 60 oats plants m )2 received only 0AE24 of the incident light when shading by oats peaked at 65 DAP. DM yields of berseem clover in intercrops with 60 oats plants m )2 averaged 0AE14-0AE32 of the yields of berseem clover sole crops. Between 35 and 88 DAP in 2000, the crude protein (CP) concentration of berseem clover sole crops declined linearly from 310 to 180 g kg )1 DM, and the CP concentration of oats exhibited a quadratic response, declining from 350 g kg )1 DM at tillering to 110 g kg )1 DM at the soft dough stage. The mean CP concentration of berseem clover in intercrops with 60 oats plants m )2 was 25 g kg )1 less than in berseem clover sole crops, indicating that competition by oats reduced the CP concentration of berseem clover. At later sampling dates, CP and DM yields of intercrops with oats at 60 plants m )2 equalled those with oats at 240 plants m )2 . The addition of berseem clover to oats in intercrops at 60 oats plants m )2 reduced the neutraldetergent fibre concentration by 30 g kg )1 DM compared with oats alone. Oats were very competitive as a companion crop for berseem clover. Adding berseem clover to oats increased forage quality and may provide for increased intake and digestibility of forage to support higher livestock productivity.

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Effects of the Developmental Stage at Harvest on Dry Matter and Chemical Component Partitioning in Berseem

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Changes during growth in the nutritive value of components of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) under different cutting treatments in a Mediterranean region

Changes during growth in the nutritive value of components of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) under different cutting treatments in a Mediterranean region

Effects of Stubble Height and Cutting Frequency on Regrowth of Berseem Clover in a Mediterranean Semiarid Environment

The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. I. Primary growth characteristics and forage quality at four densities of oats

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