Effects of the Addition of Fluoride and Calcium to Low-Concentrated Carbamide Peroxide Agents on the Enamel Surface and Subsurface

Cavalli, Vanessa; Rodrigues, Lidiany Karla Azevedo; Leme, Adriana Franco Paes; Soares, Luís Eduardo Silva; Martin, Aírton Abrahão; Berger, Sandrine Bittencourt; Giannini, Marcelo

doi:10.1089/pho.2010.2797

Cited by 56 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Fluoride is not the only way to ensure this remineralization, as calcium compounds also exhibit efficient recovery of lost mineral content 18 . With this objective, fluoride and calcium have been added to bleaching gels as alternatives to reduce these adverse effects caused by enamel bleaching 19 . However, controversial results are found in literature, as authors report that adding fluoride to bleaching gels shows no beneficial results in terms of reduction of enamel demineralization after bleaching [20][21] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No significant differences between bleached groups were found, but all these groups showed a significantly increased permeability, resulting in no benefit of calcium addition to the bleaching agents. Otherwise, better results with calciumand fluoride-containing carbamide peroxide gels were found in another study 19 that demonstrated that these gels promoted mineral loss minimization. One hypothesis that may explain this result is related to the lower concentrations of carbamide peroxide in relation to hydrogen peroxide used in this study.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Effect of bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on enamel microhardness, roughness and permeability

Rauen¹,

Filho²,

Bittencourt³

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Oral Sci.

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Aim: To evaluate the effect of different in-office bleaching agents on the permeability, roughness and surface microhardness of human enamel. Methods: For evaluation of roughness and microhardness, 40 hemi-faces of 20 premolars were subjected to initial roughness (Ra parameter) and microhardness (VHN) measurements. Thirty-two premolar's crowns were used for permeability test. Then, all specimens were randomly divided into four groups: C -without bleaching (control), HP35 -bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), HPF38 -38% HP+fluoride, HPC35 -35% HP+calcium. Final roughness (FR) and microhardness (FM) measurements were evaluated. For permeability, the 32 crowns were immersed in 1% sodium hypochlorite (20 min) and silver nitrate solutions (2 h) and subjected to developing solution under fluorescent light (16 h). Three sections from the crowns were analyzed in light microscope (100x) to evaluate the scores of permeability: Score 0 -no tracer agent penetration; Score 1 -less than half the thickness of enamel penetration; Score 2 -tracer agent reaching half the enamel thickness; Score 3 -entire enamel depth penetration, without reaching dentin and Score 4 -tracer agent reaching dentin. For roughness and microhardness evaluation were used one-way ANOVA and Dunnet post-test for independent samples, and t test for paired samples. For permeability, the data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests. Results: A significantly higher permeability and surface roughness were observed in groups HP35, HPF38 and HPC35 compared to the C group, as well as decreased microhardness (p<0.05). Conclusions: All bleaching agents increased permeability and surface roughness, and decreased microhardness of human enamel; thus, the addition of fluoride or calcium was not beneficial.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on enamel microhardness, roughness and permeability

Rauen¹,

Filho²,

Bittencourt³

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Oral Sci.

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“…A maior parte dos estudos concorda que as presenças de Ca e F seriam capazes de reduzir os efeitos deletérios dos agentes clareadores 10,23 . Alguns estudos observaram diminuição da microdureza do esmalte após o clareamento, mas relataram que essa redução foi minimizada nas amostras que receberam tratamento com os agentes clareadores que continham adição de cálcio 10 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efeito do uso de agentes clareadores com cálcio na microdureza do esmalte dental

Gruber

Colli

Muniz

et al. 2018

Rev. da Fac. de Odontologia, UPF

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IntroduçãoAo longo das últimas décadas, há uma busca crescente por melhores condições estéticas e tratamentos clareadores, que se mostram eficazes, seguros e com bons resultados 1 . O clareamento dental é a técnica menos invasiva e mais conservadora, porém pode apresentar algumas desvantagens, como sensibilidade, ulcerações nos tecidos moles e, por vezes, toxicidade 2 . Portanto, o profissional deve ter experiência com o mecanismo de ação e conhecimento da segurança biológica dos agentes clareadores, para poder indicá-los de forma correta e orientar seus pacientes sobre o tratamento. Existem várias técni-cas de clareamento, como o clareamento caseiro com moldeira individual, o clareamento em consultório e o clareamento combinado, que associa as técnicas de consultório e caseira. As indicações e os tipos de clareamento estão relacionados às alterações de cor, que podem ser causadas por fatores extrínsecos ou intrínsecos 3,4 , e às características do paciente.Entretanto, estudos mostram que o peróxido de hidrogênio é um agente oxidante com alta capacidade de penetração no esmalte e na dentina devido ao seu baixo peso molecular 2 e, dependendo da técnica empregada, da quantidade de sessões, do tempo de exposição e da concentração do agente clareador, pode acarretar efeitos indesejáveis, como a sensibilidade e a alteração da morfologia do esmalte [5][6][7][8][9] . A literatura sugere que o uso indiscriminado dos

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“…Previous reports observed few or no alterations on enamel integrity after bleaching, 18 whereas a number of studies have described the effects of bleaching as morphological defects and the demineralization of enamel prisms. [9][10][11][12] Enamel mineral loss due to a significant decrease in calcium and phosphate content may occur after bleaching 13 which may even increase enamel susceptibility towards demineralization. 19 To reverse some of the adverse effects of peroxides on enamel, the addition of F -to bleaching agents has been suggested as a form of inhibiting demineralization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12] To reverse the undesirable effects of bleaching, sodium fluoride has been added to some of these agents. 13,14 Fluoride-containing bleaching agents may generate fluoridated hydroxyapatite and calcium fluoride crystals on the enamel, which may accelerate the remineralization of the bleached enamel. 15 To date, no study has reported the effects of fluoride-containing bleaching agents at the interface of three-and two-step fluoride-containing adhesive restorations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fluoride-containing adhesives and bleaching agents on enamel bond strength

et al. 2012

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This study evaluated the influence of fluoride-containing carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agents and adhesive systems on bonded enamel interfaces that are part of the dynamic pH cycling and thermal cycling models. The buccal surfaces of 60 bovine incisors were restored with a composite resin and bonded with three-and two-step, etch-and-rinse, fluoride-containing adhesives, Optibond FL (FL) and Optibond Solo Plus (SP), respectively. Restored teeth were subjected to thermal cycling to age the interface. Both SP and FL adhesive-restored teeth were bleached (n = 10) with 10% CP (CP) and 10% CP + fluoride (CPF) or were left unbleached (control). Bleaching was performed for 14 days simultaneously with pH cycling, which comprised of 14 h of remineralization, 2 h of demineralization and 8 h of bleaching. The control groups (FL and SP) were stored in remineralizing solution during their bleaching periods and were also subjected to carious lesion formation. Parallelepiped-shaped samples were obtained from the bonded interface for microtensile bond strength (µTBS) testing. The enamel µTBS of the FL and SP groups (control, not bleached) were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the bleached interfaces (FL > FL + CPF = FL + CP and SP > SP + CPF = SP + CP). The groups subjected to treatment with the fluoride-containing bleaching agents exhibited similar µTBS compared to regular bleaching agents. Bleaching agents, regardless of whether they contained fluoride, decreased enamel bond strength.

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Effects of the Addition of Fluoride and Calcium to Low-Concentrated Carbamide Peroxide Agents on the Enamel Surface and Subsurface

Abstract: The addition of F and Ca to home-applied bleaching agents may reduce enamel mineral loss.

Cited by 56 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on enamel microhardness, roughness and permeability

Effect of bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on enamel microhardness, roughness and permeability

Efeito do uso de agentes clareadores com cálcio na microdureza do esmalte dental

Influence of fluoride-containing adhesives and bleaching agents on enamel bond strength

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