Effects of Tear Substitutes on Conjunctival Epithelium of Mice

Aragona, Pasquale; Micali, Antonio; Paladino, Grazia; Ferreri, F.; Puzzolo, Domenico

doi:10.1159/000108120

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…There was no difference in granule appearance between the unstressed and dry conditions and thus, all shades were seen in all conditions. Aragona et al 35 reported a homogenous light gray granule appearance while Paz et al . 36 reported goblet cells with mostly dark granules in normal mice and a mixture of electron-dense granules in a group treated with sodium hyaluronate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…While these studies provided valuable information on goblet cells and their granules, they do not address conjunctival epithelial and goblet cell morphology in the dry eye. 35, 36 The study by Aargona et al 35 used the superior bulbar conjunctiva and investigated the effects of tear substitutes on the conjunctival epithelium in 3 month old CD1 mice. Paz et al 36 studied the role of calcium in mucin packaging within goblet cells, in C57/129/sv hybrids; but did not identify the conjunctival region examined nor were the ages of the mice reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A change in histochemical characteristics of the goblet cells has previously been reported as a consequence of treatments with different tear substitutes. 35 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphologic Alterations of the Palpebral Conjunctival Epithelium in a Dry Eye Model

Henriksson

Paiva

Farley

et al. 2013

Cornea

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Purpose To investigate the normal palpebral conjunctival histology in C57BL/6 mice, and the structural changes that occur in a dry eye model. Methods 24 male and female C57BL/6 mice, 8 untreated (UT) and 16 exposed to experimental ocular surface desiccating stress (DS). Ocular dryness was induced by administration of scopolamine hydrobromide (0.5 mg/0.2 ml) QID for 5 (DS5) or 10 (DS10) days. Counts and measurements were obtained using anatomical reference points and goblet cell density was investigated with a variety of stains. Results Near the junction between the lid margin and the normal palpebral conjunctiva, the epithelium had an average thickness of 45.6±10.5μm, 8.8±2.0 cell layers, versus 37.7±5.6μm, 7.4±1.3 layers in DS10 (P<0.05). In the goblet cell populated palpebral region the normal epithelium was thicker (P<0.05) than in DS5 and DS10. In the control, 43% of the goblet cells were covered by squamous epithelium, compared to 58% (DS5) and 63% (DS10) (P<0.05). A decreased number of Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue stained goblet cells was observed in the dry eye. Not all goblet cells stained with PAS and Alcian blue. Conclusions The mouse palpebral conjunctival epithelium was structurally similar to the human. After DS the palpebral conjunctival epithelium decreased in thickness and goblet cell access to the surface appeared to be inhibited by surrounding epithelial cells, potentially slowing down their migration to the surface. Differential staining with PAS and Alcian blue suggests there may be different subtypes of conjunctival goblet cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphologic Alterations of the Palpebral Conjunctival Epithelium in a Dry Eye Model

Henriksson

Paiva

Farley

et al. 2013

Cornea

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“…Furthermore, as already described by Bron et al ,24 the neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of the ocular surface system accounts for possible variations of the phenotype of dry eye, even along the course of the disease. At this evolution concur genetic, environmental and bodily conditions also as a consequence of the therapy used 40. These factors and the evolution that they may induce on the clinical course of the disease should be taken into account, in order to establish the appropriate therapeutic adjustments.…”

Section: The Ocular Surface Changes As a Guide For An Appropriate Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a dynamic customised therapy for ocular surface dysfunctions

Aragona

Rolando

2013

Br J Ophthalmol

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The ocular surface is a highly dynamic system characterised by continuous adaptive reactions to environmental, toxic, infective, traumatic and inflammatory conditions that interfere with its homeostasis. When the adaptive response is not able to cope with environmental or internal aggressions, a persisting dysfunction may develop into a self-maintaining vicious cycle, thereby developing a chronic disease. This process is not even, but characterised by cycles of worsening and improvement accompanied by morphofunctional changes of the ocular surface structure. The therapy for this condition cannot be unique and stable all along the course of the disease, but should be adapted to the modifications occurring on the ocular surface. It should be long term and dynamic, in order to be tailored on each patient's conditions. An ideal therapeutic strategy should address simultaneously the main targets: tear film quality and stability, morphofunctional changes of the epithelia, the obvious and subclinical inflammation, and the structural and functional changes of nerves. The avoidance of schematic approaches and the customisation of the therapy, modified according to the disease presentation, will be highly desirable and will open to a patient-oriented approach, granting a more prompt and stable improvement of the ocular surface with better-tolerated therapies.

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“…25 Sodium hyaluronate eye drops have been used in several studies for the treatment of dry eye. [26][27][28][29][30] Experimental data show that sodium hyaluronate eye drops do not alter the normal conjunctival epithelium, 31 do not interfere with the secretory processes of goblet cells, 32 and do not damage intercellular junctions. 33 Moreover, sodium hyaluronate eye drops have a longer ocular surface residence time 34,35 and increase precorneal tear film stability, 36,37 corneal wettability, and the healing time of corneal epithelium.…”

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confidence: 99%