Effects of surface modification with zirconium phosphate on Ru/Co/SiO2 Fischer–Tropsch catalysts analyzed by XPS and TEM analyses

Stabilized ordered-mesoporous Co3O4 structures using Al pillar for the superior CO hydrogenation activity to hydrocarbons

“…Since the small amount of pillaring metal oxides and the possible superposition of several peaks related to spinel cobalt mixed oxides such as CoAl 2 O 4 and CoO with Co 0 peak in the BE of 780.0 eV [54,55], there was no noticeable changes of the variation of Co2p 3/2 peak. However, this observation also suggests a small amount of solid solution formation such as spinel-type cobalt aluminate or cobalt silicate [40,41,56]. Even though the BEs of Co2p 3/2 after the reaction were found to be 780. the Si/meso-Co 3 O 4 , but this phenomenon was not significant on the Al/meso-Co 3 O 4 .…”

“…Interestingly, the third reduction peak at around 600 • C was observed on Si/meso-Co 3 O 4 , and it can be attributed to the strong interaction between Co 3 O 4 and SiO 2 species, possibly from forming an inactive cobalt silicate [2] or producing locally encapsulated Co 3 O 4 particles with SiO 2 [35]. It also suggests the partial collapse of the mesopore structures or non-uniform distribution of pillaring materials on the meso-Co 3 O 4 [39][40][41]. Interestingly, reduction peaks with different characteristic were observed on the Al/meso-Co 3 O 4 at the temperatures of 371, 402, 446, and 724 • C, and they were shifted to much higher temperatures compared to the meso-Co 3 O 4 .…”

Phosphorus‐Modified Mesoporous Inorganic Materials for Production of Hydrocarbon Fuels and Value‐Added Chemicals

“…It also alters the surface hydrophilicity and dispersion of the supported Co crystallites. The Co/PÀ Al 2 O 3 catalysts have used in both fixed-bed reactor [38,45,47,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55] and slurry-phase continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). [38,43,50] The conversion of CO was higher on the Co/PÀ Al 2 O 3 in a fixed-bed reactor, which has relatively lower degree of Co reduction, as compared to the CSTR, though Co dispersion seems to be more associated with C 5 + productivity than the degree of reduction.…”

“…[40] In parallel, to prevent the severe aggregations of the Co nanoparticles, our group have extensively studied the effects of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) phases that formed on the SiO 2 support for FTS reaction. [46,[51][52][53][54]64] The impregnation of Ru and Co to the ZrP-modified SiO 2 (Ru/Co/ZrP/SiO 2 ) was carried out by a stepwise impregnation with their corresponding metal nitrate salts. [51,53] The resulting Ru/Co/ZrP/SiO 2 catalyst, which represented as CoZrP(x) where x denotes the wt % of phosphorus species in the ZrP-modified SiO 2 , was examined in a fixed-bed reactor.…”

“…[46,[51][52][53][54]64] The impregnation of Ru and Co to the ZrP-modified SiO 2 (Ru/Co/ZrP/SiO 2 ) was carried out by a stepwise impregnation with their corresponding metal nitrate salts. [51,53] The resulting Ru/Co/ZrP/SiO 2 catalyst, which represented as CoZrP(x) where x denotes the wt % of phosphorus species in the ZrP-modified SiO 2 , was examined in a fixed-bed reactor. At the very beginning of the reaction, higher CO activity for all phosphorus-modified catalysts until 10 h was ascribed to the higher Co 3 O 4 reducibility, Co particles redispersion and existence of Co clusters with > 8 nm in size.…”