Effects of substrate bias on the structural and field emission properties of diamond films

Abstract

Defect structure and electron field-emission properties of boron-doped diamond filmsThe effect of electron bombardment on modification of the structural property and the surface morphology of diamond films, and consequently the field emission properties have been investigated by introducing positive substrate bias. When increasing the bias voltage, the structural properties of diamond films are significantly deteriorated together with the increase of nondiamond carbon component and the surface morphologies of the films lost their unique facet shape. The reason for the increase of nondiamond carbon content is described in terms of both the increase of substrate temperature and the excessive generation of CH n radicals. The field emission properties of diamond films were substantially improved with increasing bias voltage. Enhancement of field emission property for the films prepared by increasing bias voltage and/or methane concentration has been discussed by correlating between the substrate-diamond interface property and the slope of the Fowler-Nordheim plot.

Thermal adaptations of adults and eggs in the Arctic seed bug Nysius groenlandicus (Insecta: Hemiptera) from South Greenland

“…In Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, insects are exposed to extreme cold conditions during winter. However, in summer, both adults and eggs of N. groenlandicus can be exposed to stressful high temperatures (Danks et al 1994;Danks 2004;Sørensen et al 2019). We found that the upper thermal limit, measured as CT max , of summer acclimated adults, was on average 48.5 °C.…”

“…Temperatures in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions are highly variable, and large temperature fluctuations can occur both within and across seasons (IPCC 2014;Convey et al 2018). In winter, species will experience severe cold conditions, where temperatures can go below − 30 °C, and depending on microhabitat, many species will regularly be exposed to temperatures below − 20 °C (Danks et al 1994). In contrast, although summers are generally short and cool, microhabitat temperatures vary substantially and on sun exposed slopes may reach 40 °C or more (Danks et al 1994;Böcher and Nachman 2001;Graham et al 2012;Convey et al 2018).…”

“…Conditions suitable for insect growth and development in the Arctic are limited to short summers, which means that many species need more than 1 year to complete their life cycle (Danks et al 1994;Denlinger and Lee 2010). Similarly, across species, it varies which life stage overwinters and thus also which stage(s) is exposed to the extreme cold conditions during winter (Danks et al 1994). The life cycle timing of Arctic and sub-Arctic insects thus depends as much on the need to coincide development with short summers as on the need to resist thermal extremes during winter and summer.…”

Hydrogen Diluted Methane Plasma Gas–Substrate Metal Interaction

“…The Fowler-Nordheim plot shows a linear behavior, although observations of electron field emission from diamond chemical-vapor-deposited at relatively low electric fields (3 -40 V/mm) are reported and the behavior differs from those observed on a metal surface. [11][12][13] A symbol corresponds to a state in which the carbon condensed growth was field-desorbed, and this state corresponds to the W tip covered with a carbonaceous layer. The behavior of the Fowler-Nordheim plot is almost the same as that of the carbon condensed growth.…”

The effects of substrate bias on phase stability and properties of sputter-deposited tungsten carbide

“…Deposition of tungsten carbide coatings by sputtering is commonly used in the hard coatings industry. In order to improve the mechanical properties of hard coating materials used in thin film form, a substrate bias is commonly applied [2][3][4][5]. In this study, the effect of substrate bias on the structural and mechanical properties of tungsten carbide films deposited by magnetron sputter deposition is examined.…”