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This paper proposes the droop control algorithm for multiple distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems (ESS) with their state of charge (SOC) feedback, shown to be effective in providing grid services while managing the SOC of the ESS. By extending the mathematical links between the ESS SOC and power dynamics for frequency regulation, this paper elaborates on how the proposed scheme integrates multiple ESS into the load frequency control and the ESS effectively augments the functional roles of the incumbent generators. The control performance for a group of ESS in grid operations is evaluated and characterized by using metrics such as the cutoff frequency and settling time, and the initial and final value theorems. Theoretical insights and practical issues are discussed. Various numerical examples and case studies for a simplified Australian network with high penetration of renewables demonstrate the validity and efficacy of the proposed method. INDEX TERMS Energy storage system (ESS), frequency regulation, reserve, droop control, state of charge (SOC), energy feedback, SOC management. HEEJIN KIM (S'10-M'15) received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Yon

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In [1, Table I], Wind Farm Power Rating was listed as 80 GW in error. It should have read 80 MW. The corrected Table is provided here.

To improve silicon field emitters, an amorphous-carbon-nitride (a-CN) coating was applied by helical resonator plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. By this process, a-CN was very uniformly coated on silicon tips without any damage. Microstructural and electrical investigation of the silicon and a-CN coated field emitters were performed. a-CN coating lowered turn-on voltage and increased emission current. Negative electron affinity of carbon nitride is suggested for enhancing emission current.

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To estimate the antimicrobial effect of p-hydroxyphenyl acrylate (H5) derivatives on the basis of their molecular structure, the hydroxy and acryl groups of p-hydroxyphenyl acrylate were modified. The antimicrobial activity of the resulting compounds was assessed against a Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus), a Gram-negative bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium pinphilum) by the halo zone and the shake flask test. The antimicrobial activity of H5 was ascribed mainly to the acryl group. Compounds with acryl or acryloxy groups bound to the phenyl moiety were found to exhibit particularly high antimicrobial activities. The activities of phenyl acrylate and phenyl vinyl ketone were excellent as compared to aliphatic acrylates such as cyclohexyl acrylate and hexyl acrylate, indicating that the stereoelectronic effect of the phenyl group was important to the antimicrobial activity.