Effects of some Environmental Challenges and Centralization on the Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Public Sector Entities

Organização e desempenho: avaliação da centralização da patologia do INCA-Brasil

“…A conclusão dessa literatura é que a estrutura da organização deve ser menos centralizada e envolver mais participação (Robinson, 2007). As soluções mais criativas e inovadoras surgem na organização que desfruta de estruturas descentralizadas e, para motivar novas ideias, a organização pública que adota a remuneração por desempenho deve levar em conta a estrutura organizacional e descentralizar (Caruana, Ewing, & Ramaseshan, 2002).…”

Entrepreneurial Orientation in Different Environmental Settings: a Comparative Cross-Country Study

“…Dynamism describes the intensity of unpredictable environmental changes and the uncertainty of the external environment (Miller and Friesen, 1983). These changes are related to market volatility, shifts in demand, consumers' preferences, technological complexity and instability, as well as unpredictability of competitors' behavior in a firm's main industry (Caruana et al, 2002;Miller and Friesen, 1982). The company has to respond to these changes by modifying its marketing practices and developing appropriate strategic initiatives.…”

“…Environmental heterogeneity describes the level of a firm's diversification, its operation in different industries and its offering of different products and services to serve customers' buying habits, the nature of competition, market dynamism and uncertainty (Miller and Friesen, 1982). Environmental heterogeneity also describes the complexity of the external business environment with regard to those characteristics (Caruana et al, 2002). Environmental heterogeneity requires firms to adopt various forms of internal differentiation related to administration, marketing, production or distribution strategies in various markets in which the firm operates (Rosenbusch et al, 2013).…”

“…New market niches may open up, and firms may benefit from undertaking risky actions and filling the niches proactively with new products and services. With these actions, a firm may be the first on the market to reach customers and serve their needs (Caruana, et al, 2002;Miller and Friesen, 1983).…”

“…Environmental hostility refers to the extent to which the business environment poses threats to a firm's survival (Miller and Friesen, 1982). Hostility includes such challenges as intensive price, product, technological and distributional competition within the industry, dwindling markets for products, and constraints on access to necessary inputs, scarcity of labor and material resources, governmental intervention, severe regulatory restrictions, and unfavorable demographic trends (Alexandrova, 2004;Caruana et al, 2002;McGee et al, 2012;Miller and Friesen, 1983). In general, environmental hostility is an encompassing construct which includes the elements of threat and lack of control over the agents and events in a firm's external environment (Alexandrova, 2004).…”