Effects of Sn content on Ti/RuO2–SnO2–TiO2 anodes used in the generation of electrolyzed oxidizing water

Sources of Oxygen Produced in the Chlorate Process Utilizing Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) Electrodes Doped by Sn and Sb

“…45 However, the TiRuSnSb electrodes show a more compact morphology, with the formation of "islands", clearly visible on the higher magnification image. This morphology is very similar to the ones recorded earlier for Sn-containing electrodes 32 as well as for Sn-and Sb-containing electrodes. 46,47 Figure S2 shows an image of a cross section of the TiRuSnSb electrode.…”

“…20 Addition of metal oxide dopants such as SnO 2 to the anode coatings enhanced the corrosion resistance of the DSA as well as improved its adhesion to the Ti support. 32 Sn, as an oxide, is an interesting candidate as a dopant due to its nature as an n-type semiconductor with a rather large band gap and exhibited good chemical and electrochemical stability, as well as high overpotential for the oxygen evolution reaction. 33 An electrode consisting of four metal components is also an attractive possibility.…”

Microstructural and electrochemical analysis of Sb 2 O 5 doped-Ti/RuO 2 -ZrO 2 to yield active chlorine species for ciprofloxacin degradation

“…The electrochemical properties of DSAs based on RuO 2 can be synergistically modulated by controlling the composition of constituent oxides [17][18][19]. Wang et al investigate the role played by the different Ru:Sn ratio in Ti/RuO 2 -SnO 2 anodes, describing that the mixed oxide has a better electrochemical performance (Cl 2 -evolution) than the sole RuO 2 in 0.5 M NaCl [20].…”

The abatement of indigo carmine using active chlorine electrogenerated on ternary Sb2O5-doped Ti/RuO2-ZrO2 anodes in a filter-press FM01-LC reactor

“…Gaudet et al found an improvement in the stability of the RuO 2 -SnO 2 catalyst ([RuO 2 ] = 0 to 80 wt %) due to the formation of a solid solution [19]. Zeng et al reported that there is a critical concentration at which the increase of Sn content within the structure of the Ti/RuO 2 -SnO 2 -TiO 2 catalyst enhances its activity to form active chlorine, as well as its stability and corrosion resistance [20]. The incorporation of traces of antimony (Sb 2 O 5 ) as ternary oxide (Ti/RuO 2 -Sb 2 O 5 -SnO 2 ) was found to improve the activity to form active chlorine, which increased the degradation efficiencies for environmental remediation [21].…”