Effects of smoking on the prevalence and intraoral distribution of <i>Candida albicans</i>

Oliver, Debra; Shillitoe, Edward J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1984.tb01424.x

Cited by 60 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Some studies have suggested that smoking does not affect Candida carriage significantly (Bastiaan and Reade, 1982;Oliver and Shillitoe, 1984), while others have reported that smoking significantly increased carriage by 30 to 70% (Arendorf and Walker, 1980). It has been suggested that cigarette smoking might lead to localized epithelial alterations that allow colonization by Candida (Arendorf and Walker, 1980).…”

Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida and Oral Candidosis: A Review

Scully

Elkabir

Samaranayake

1994

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

311

245

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Candida species are the most common fungal pathogens isolated from the oral cavity. Their oral existence both as a commensal and an opportunist pathogen has intrigued clinicians and scientists for many decades, and recent investigations have revealed many attributes of this fungus contributing to its pathogenicity. In addition, the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS has resulted in a resurgence of oral Candida infections. Clinicians are witnessing not only classic forms of the diseases but also newer clinical variants such as erythematous candidosis, rarely described hithertofore. Therefore, this review is an attempt at detailing the current knowledge on Candida and oral candidoses together with the newer therapeutic regimes employed in treating these mycoses.

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Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…albicans colonizes mainly the posterior dorsum ofthe tongue Walker, 1980, Oliver andShillitoe, 1984). It may be relevant that this is the site at which median rhomboid glossitis occurs, a condition that is usually, if not always, associated with proliferation of candidal hyphae (Walker and Arendorf, 1990).…”

Section: Oral Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida and Oral Candidosis: A Review

Scully

Elkabir

Samaranayake

1994

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

311

245

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“…Indeed, epidemiological studies in immunocompromised patients have identified tobacco as a major risk factor for symptomatic infection [6, 7]. Furthermore, the rate of oral candidal carriage in tobacco smokers was reported to be higher in smokers than in nonsmokers [8, 9]. This may explain why 98% of Indian villager's smokers suffer candidal leukoplakia that can be resolved after cessation of tobacco [10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoke-ExposedCandida albicansIncreased Chitin Production and Modulated Human Fibroblast Cell Responses

Alanazi

Semlali

Perraud

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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The predisposition of cigarette smokers for development of respiratory and oral bacterial infections is well documented. Cigarette smoke can also contribute to yeast infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on C. albicans transition, chitin content, and response to environmental stress and to examine the interaction between CSC-pretreated C. albicans and normal human gingival fibroblasts. Following exposure to CSC, C. albicans transition from blastospore to hyphal form increased. CSC-pretreated yeast cells became significantly (P < 0.01) sensitive to oxidation but significantly (P < 0.01) resistant to both osmotic and heat stress. CSC-pretreated C. albicans expressed high levels of chitin, with 2- to 8-fold recorded under hyphal conditions. CSC-pretreated C. albicans adhered better to the gingival fibroblasts, proliferated almost three times more and adapted into hyphae, while the gingival fibroblasts recorded a significantly (P < 0.01) slow growth rate but a significantly higher level of IL-1β when in contact with CSC-pretreated C. albicans. CSC was thus able to modulate both C. albicans transition through the cell wall chitin content and the interaction between C. albicans and normal human gingival fibroblasts. These findings may be relevant to fungal infections in the oral cavity in smokers.

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“…Oliver & Shillitoe [18] demonstrated that C. albicans was prevalent in 35% of the smokers and in 35% of the nonsmokers. Darwazeh et al [19] isolated C. albicans from 84% of the smokers and 74% of the nonsmokers and they found no significant association between smoking habits and C. albicans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Candida Albicans in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

Pl¹,

Srihari²,

Chitresan³

et al. 2017

jemds

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BACKGROUND Chronic periodontitis is defined as "an infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth and progressive attachment loss and bone loss." Chronic periodontitis is associated with a widely diverse and complex subgingival microbiota encompassing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, facultative and anaerobic organisms, viruses and yeasts. More than 500 bacterial strains have been recovered from the subgingival plaque. Plaque also comprises of fungal species like Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Candida dubliniensis. Most of these strains are commensals and some are potential opportunistic pathogens.The objective of the study is to examine the prevalence of Candida albicans (dimorphic fungus) in subgingival plaque samples of patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODSIt's a cross-sectional study of 108 chronic periodontitis patients, their age ranged from 30 to 55 years. Clinical parameters like plaque index (PlI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. We also observed the smokers from the analysed patients. Suitable microbiological media was used to culture C. albicans from clinical plaque samples. Data analysed with suitable statistical methods. RESULTSClinical parameters of PlI, PD, and CAL, disease severity and sex revealed no significant relation between C. albicans and periodontitis patients, while smoking of individuals significantly correlated with the presence of the C. albicans. CONCLUSIONAlthough C. albicans infection occurred in chronic periodontitis patients, smokers were at higher risk for C. albicans infection than non-smokers.

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Effects of smoking on the prevalence and intraoral distribution of Candida albicans

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Candida and Oral Candidosis: A Review

Candida and Oral Candidosis: A Review

Cigarette Smoke-ExposedCandida albicansIncreased Chitin Production and Modulated Human Fibroblast Cell Responses

Prevalence of Candida Albicans in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

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