Candida and Oral Candidosis: A Review

Scully, Crispian; Elkabir, M; Samaranayake, LP

doi:10.1177/10454411940050020101

Cited by 311 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…1,2 The predisposing factors of oral candidosis include immunocompromised states, diabetes mellitus, dental prostheses, xerostomia, 3,4 and prolonged use of antibiotics or immunosuppressive drugs. 5,6 With the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, increased attention has been paid to oral candidosis, because up to 90% of HIV-infected individuals suffer from oral Candida infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Candida albicans to photodynamic therapy in a murine model of oral candidosis

Mima

Pavarina

Dovigo

et al. 2010

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, an

141

130

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Objective. In vivo studies of antimicrobial PDT in animal models of oral candidosis are scarce and the association of porphyrin and LED light has not been evaluated for in vivo photoinactivation of Candida. In this study the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the inactivation of Candida albicans in vivo was evaluated. Study design. Seventy-one 6-week-old female Swiss mice were immunosuppressed, provided tetracycline to their drinking water, then orally swabbed with a suspension of C. albicans (10 7 CFU/mL). Four days after oral inoculation, PDT was performed on the dorsum of the tongue after topical administration of Photogem at 400, 500, or 1000 mg/L and followed 30 minutes later by illumination with LED light (305 J/cm 2 ) at 455 or 630 nm (n ϭ 5 each). After swabbing to recover yeast from the tongue, the number of surviving yeast cells was determined (CFU/mL) and analyzed by ANOVA and Holm-Sidak tests (P Ͻ .05). Animals were humanely killed, and the tongues surgically removed and processed for histological evaluation of presence of yeast and inflammatory reaction. Results. PDT resulted in a significant reduction in C. albicans recovered from the tongue (P Ͻ .001) when compared with mice from the positive control group. There was no difference between the concentrations of Photogem and LED light wavelengths used. Histological evaluation of the tongue revealed that PDT causes no significant adverse effects to the local mucosa. Conclusion. PDT promoted significant reduction in the viability of C. albicans biofilm without harming the tongue tissue.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Candida albicans to photodynamic therapy in a murine model of oral candidosis

Mima

Pavarina

Dovigo

et al. 2010

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, an

141

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The yeast form is commonly associated with the commensal carrier state where a balance exists between the oral microbial flora and the host innate immune response. If this balance is disrupted, for example in those with HIV infection or in immunosuppressed individuals, those receiving immunotherapy, corticosteroid or prolonged antibiotic therapy, or in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes, salivary gland dysfunction (Sjögren's syndrome) or wearing dentures, C. albicans may proliferate and convert to its hyphal form which penetrates into the oral mucosa causing the tissue damage that is frequently observed in oral candidiasis [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of tissue engineered models of the oral mucosa to investigate oral candidiasis

Yadev

Murdoch

Saville

et al. 2011

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Candida albicans is a commensal organism that can be isolated from the majority of healthy individuals. However, in certain susceptible individuals C.albicans can become pathogenic leading to the mucocutaneous infection; oral candidiasis. Murine models and in vitro monolayer cultures have generated some data on the likely virulence and host factors that contribute to oral candidiasis but these models have limitations. Recently, tissue engineered oral mucosal models have been developed to mimic the normal oral mucosa but little information is available on their true representation. In this study we assessed the histological features of three different tissue engineered oral mucosal models compared to the normal oral mucosa and analysed both cell damage and cytokine release following infection with C.albicans. Models comprised of normal oral keratinocytes and a fibroblast-containing matrix displayed more similar immunohistological and proliferation characteristics to normal mucosa compared to models composed of an oral carcinoma cell line. Although all models were invaded and damaged by C.albicabs in a similar manner, the cytokine response was much more pronounced in models containing normal keratinocytes. These data suggest that models based on normal keratinocytes atop a fibroblast-containing connective tissue will significantly aid in dissecting the molecular pathogenesis of oral candidiasis.

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“…These microorganisms can also act as opportunist pathogens, being the so-called non-albicans Candida species (NAC) increasingly recognized as important agents of human infection. Some predisposing factors can markedly increase the host's susceptibility to oral candidiasis, such as the use of ill-fitting dentures, AIDS and long-term antibiotic therapy [3][4][5]. For immunocompromised individuals, the disseminated forms of the disease can be a serious problem, often resulting in high mortality rates [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida to photodynamic effects of curcumin

et al. 2011

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Background and ObjectiveThe resistance of Candida species to antifungals represents a major challenge for therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. This study evaluated photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by Curcumin (CUR) against clinical isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata, both in planktonic and biofilm forms.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSuspensions of Candida were treated with three CUR concentrations and exposed to four LED fluences. The protocol that showed the best outcomes for inactivation of the planktonic phase was selected to be evaluated against Candida biofilms. In addition, two higher CUR concentrations were tested. The metabolic activity of biofilms was evaluated by means of XTT reduction assay and the biofilm biomass was evaluated using crystal violet (CV) staining assay. Data were analyzed in a mixed model nested ANOVA, Wilcoxon's nonparametric tests, and the Kruskal–Wallis test (α = 5%).ResultsThe use of CUR in association with light was able to promote a significant antifungal effect against the planktonic form of the yeasts. When using 40 µM of CUR, the metabolic activity of C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis biofilms was reduced by 85%, 85%, and 73%, respectively, at 18 J/cm2. CUR‐mediated PDT also decreased the biofilm biomass of all species evaluated. In addition, CV staining showed that C. albicans isolates were strong biofilm‐forming strains, when compared with C. glabrata and C. tropicalis isolates.ConclusionThe results from the present investigation showed that low CUR concentrations can be highly effective for inactivating Candida isolates when associated with light excitation. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:927‐934, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Candida and Oral Candidosis: A Review

Cited by 311 publications

References 205 publications

Susceptibility of Candida albicans to photodynamic therapy in a murine model of oral candidosis

Susceptibility of Candida albicans to photodynamic therapy in a murine model of oral candidosis

Evaluation of tissue engineered models of the oral mucosa to investigate oral candidiasis

Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida to photodynamic effects of curcumin

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