Effects of Simultaneous Stimulus Presentation and Attention Switching on Memory Conjunction Errors

Reinitz, Mark Tippens; Hannigan, Sharon L.

doi:10.1006/jmla.2000.2727

Cited by 41 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These findings imply that prefrontal executive (working memory) functions create associations between representations of stimulus parts in memory, so that those parts are subsequently remembered together. Reinitz and Hannigan (2001) recently reported results consistent with the proposal that working memory creates associations between stimulus components that are then encoded into episodic memory. Those authors used a memory conjunction error paradigm (see, e.g., Reinitz et al, 1992) to investigate binding.…”

supporting

confidence: 71%

False memories for compound words: Role of working memory

Reinitz

Hannigan

2004

Memory & Cognition

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Subjects studied pairs of compound words; pair members were presented simultaneously (one above the other) for 2 sec or sequentially (one immediately following the other) for 1 sec each, and 6-sec interstimulus intervals separated the end of presentation of one pair and the start of that of another. A subsequent recognition test included within-pair and between-pair conjunction foils (recombinations of stimulus parts from the same study pair and from separate pairs, respectively). Previous experiments using faces as stimuli have demonstrated that when faces are presented simultaneously there are many more false alarms to within-pair than to between-pair conjunction items, and when faces are presented sequentially there is an equal number of false alarms in those two conditions. However, Experiment 1 showed that for compound word stimuli there were equally high false alarm rates to both types of foils in both study conditions relative to completely new test items. Experiment 2 showed that when rehearsal of compound words was prevented, the pattern of conjunction errors was very similar to the one typically obtained for faces. In Experiment 3, subjects falsely recalled conjunctions of withinpair compound words but not conjunctions of between-pair words in the simultaneous-study condition; no conjunctions were recalled in the sequential-study condition. The results support the idea that working memory processing is necessary for binding stimulus parts together in episodic memory.

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supporting

confidence: 71%

False memories for compound words: Role of working memory

Reinitz

Hannigan

2004

Memory & Cognition

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“…In contrast, in working memory studies requiring rehearsal of multiple picture-location conjunctions immediately after seeing them in a sequence, participants were worse at remembering the locations if all four pictures were arousing than if they were non-arousing Mitchell et al, 2006). Rehearsing two items at the same time in working memory (Reinitz & Hannigan, 2004;Hannigan & Reinitz, 2000) or alternating attention between two different items (Reinitz & Hannigan, 2001) can dramatically increase conjunction errors over conditions in which the two items are seen in the same study list, but are not simultaneously rehearsed. The findings of impaired source memory for arousing items Mitchell et al, 2006) indicate that having multiple emotionally arousing elements in working memory simultaneously makes it even more difficult to maintain multiple bound representations of objects and their features, perhaps because the emotionally arousing elements demand focused attention during rehearsal.…”

Section: How These Findings Contrast With Other Effects Of Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arousal-enhanced location memory for pictures

Mather

Nesmith

2008

Journal of Memory and Language

127

145

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Four experiments revealed arousal-enhanced location memory for pictures. After an incidental encoding task, participants were more likely to remember the locations of positive and negative arousing pictures than the locations of non-arousing pictures, indicating better binding of location to picture. This arousal-enhanced binding effect did not have a cost for the binding of nearby pictures to their locations. Thus, arousal can enhance binding of an arousing picture's content to its location without interfering with picture-location binding for nearby pictures. In addition, arousal-enhanced picture-location memory binding is not just a side effect of enhanced memory for the picture itself, as it occurs both when recognition memory is good and when it is poor. Keywords memory binding; arousal; emotion; location; interference Emotionally arousing events are more likely to be recalled later than non-arousing events. This emotional memory enhancement has been demonstrated in many lab studies using stimuli such as pictures and words (

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“…Even after decades of research, it is still not entirely clear what indeed defines an object. Following Reinitz (2003;Reinitz & Hannigan, 2001, all features that are simultaneously attended to might become a unit in perception and memory. Both behavioral and imaging studies suggest that whole objects are preferably selected by attentional processes in perception and that, therefore, objects are likely units of memory (Duncan, 1984;Duncan, Martens, & Ward, 1997;Duncan & Nimmo-Smith, 1996;O'Craven, Downing, & Kanwisher, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%