Effects of silicate derived from quartz porphyry supplementation in the health of weaning to growing pigs after lipopolysaccharide challenge

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate effects of silicate (SIL) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, immune traits, fecal microbiota, rectal temperature, and diarrhea score in weaning to growing pigs with challenged lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In experiment 1, a total of 72 piglets [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with initial body weight (BW) of 7.53 ± 0.1 kg were used in 14 weeks. Treatment groups: (1) Basal diet (CON), and (2) Basal diet + 0.1% silicate (SIL). In experiment 2, after reaching an average BW of 28.12 ± 0.79 kg at end of this experiment, 24 piglets in each treatment (12 pigs per treatment and 2 pigs per pen) were challenged with 100 μg/kg LPS. In experiment 1, SIL diets improved (P < 0.05) growth performance, crude protein (CP) digestibility and reduced (P < 0.05) NH 3 emission compared to CON diet. In experiment 2, after piglets were fed SIL diets, numbers of white blood cells (WBCs) such as WBC, neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte were increased (P < 0.05). SIL diets decreased (P < 0.05) cortisol level, Escherichia coli count, diarrhea incidence, and rectal temperature compared to CON diet.

Systematic review of animal-based indicators to measure thermal, social, and immune-related stress in pigs

“…Biochemical indicator measurements (cytokines, immunoglobulins, and acute-phase proteins) require animal handling for sampling (blood or tissue). New methods have been developed for the detection of biological markers using less invasive techniques, such as saliva, urine, feces, and nasal swabs [ 17 , 270 , 302 , 304 – 315 ]. These methods have shown the potential to detect metabolites, such as acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulins, and cortisol, in saliva samples [ 17 , 231 , 286 , 306 , 316 ], immunoglobulins and viruses present in nasal secretions [ 286 , 290 , 317 – 320 ] and immunoglobulins in fecal samples [ 321 ].…”

“…The physiological reaction chain triggered by an immune challenge manifests in clinical signs that compromise animal performance parameters (feed intake, feed conversion rate, weight gain, body condition score, etc.) [ 34 , 40 , 247 , 248 , 250 , 255 , 330 – 345 ] and increase the incidence of diarrhea [ 255 , 270 , 315 , 327 , 346 – 352 ]. As in previous stress models, animal performance might be considered an indicator of other biomarkers.…”

Effects of supplemental different clay minerals in broiler chickens under cyclic heat stress

“…In pigs, silicate A C C E T E D 14 supplementation did not significantly affect basophils. However, it significantly improved cortisol levels [89]. There is a lack of research on the mechanism by which illite reduces cortisol in broilers.…”