Effects of scopolamine and atropine and their quaternized salts on avoidance behavior in the monkey

Effects of some anticholinergic drugs on water maze learned behaviour in mice

“…Our results, on this point, confirm previous observations concerning the disrupting effects of the antieholinergic drugs which do not occur with their methylderivatives, seen in several avoidance situations (Meyers et al, 1964;Samuel et al, 1965;Bohdanecky and Jarvik, 1967;Pradhan et al, 1968).…”

“…Analogous disrupting effects have been described in other experimental situations, i.e. for benactyzine in rats pretrained in a multiple T maze with a water reward (Domer and Schueler, 1960), for atropine and scopolamine in monkeys in three avoidance situations (Samuel et al, 1965), and for ditran, in various phases of the multiple schedule of reinforcement (Pradhan et al, 1968), in rats.…”

“…It has been shown, moreover, that under the same conditions the same drugs exert a disrupting effect on previously acquired behaviour (Domer and Schueler, 1960;Samuel et al, 1965;Oliverio et al, 1966;Pradhan et al, 1968).…”

Conditioning of food aversions by injections of psychoactive drugs.

“…tion, we also compared the effects of scopolamine and its quaternary derivative, scopolamine methyl nitrate. Quaternary derivatives of anticholinergic drugs penetrate the brain much less readily than their tertiary forms (Gairman & Pepeu, 1964;Paul-David, Riehl, & Unna, 1960) but have equal or greater potency with respect to peripheral effects (Goodman & Oilman, 1966;Gralun & Lazarus, 1940;Samuel, Kodama, &Mennear, 1965).…”