Drug Effects on Animal Performance and the Stress Syndrome

Barry, Herbert; Buckley, Joseph P.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600551102

Cited by 68 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…Alternatively, do aversive stressors intensify the rewarding effects of drugs and thereby support more drug-reinforced behavioral exertion? Of course, administration of psychoactive drugs in itself constitutes a stressor (Barry & Buckley, 1966), and the behavior leading to drug delivery is accompanied by endocrine markers of stress. That the delivery of stress hormones can be rewarding seems to be a contradiction eo ipso .…”

Section: Why Social Stress?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social stress, therapeutics and drug abuse: Preclinical models of escalated and depressed intake

Miczek

Yap

Covington

2008

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

290

252

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The impact of ostensibly aversive social stresses on triggering, amplifying and prolonging intensely rewarding drug taking is an apparent contradiction in need of resolution. Social stress encompasses various types of significant life events ranging from maternal separation stress, brief episodes of social confrontations in adolescence and adulthood, to continuous subordination stress, each with its own behavioral and physiological profile. The neural circuit comprising the VTA–accumbens–PFC–amygdala is activated by brief episodes of social stress, which is critical for the DA-mediated behavioral sensitization and increased stimulant consumption. A second neural circuit comprising the raphe–PFC–hippocampus is activated by continuous subordination stress and other types of uncontrollable stress. In terms of the development of therapeutics, brief maternal separation stress has proven useful in characterizing compounds acting on subtypes of GABA, glutamate, serotonin and opioid receptors with anxiolytic potential. While large increases in alcohol and cocaine intake during adulthood have been seen after prolonged maternal separation experiences during the first two weeks of rodent life, these effects may be modulated by additional yet to be identified factors. Brief episodes of defeat stress can engender behavioral sensitization that is relevant to escalated and prolonged self-administration of stimulants and possibly opioids, whereas continuous subordination stress leads to anhedonia-like effects. Understanding the intracellular cascade of events for the transition from episodic to continuous social stress in infancy and adulthood may provide insight into the modulation of basic reward processes that are critical for addictive and affective disorders.

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Section: Why Social Stress?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social stress, therapeutics and drug abuse: Preclinical models of escalated and depressed intake

Miczek

Yap

Covington

2008

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

290

252

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“…The multitudinous effects of amphetamine are due to the fact that it is one of several 8 The importance of seemingly minor procedural differences in producing substantially different effects of drugs on avoidance conditioning has been pointed out by Barry and Buckley (1966). psychotropic drugs having both a central and peripheral action on behavior. Although this dual action assures a wide variety of experimental tasks in which the effects of the drug can be studied, at the same time it increases the complexity of predicting the behavior resulting from such effects.…”

Section: Effect On Escape Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental effects of amphetamine: A review.

Cole¹

1967

Psychological Bulletin

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Evidence is presented for the depressant effect of amphetamine on food consumption and food-motivated behavior, as well as for the facilitating effect of the drug on intellectual and motor performance, personality and social behavior, bodily activity, peripheral systems, avoidance conditioning, and escape behavior. Since reversal or inconsistent effects are also noted with large dosages of amphetamine and with differences in experimental procedure, guidelines for future investigation are suggested in terms of (a) an increased attention to the relation of dosage and effect, and (b) the need for considering the specific experimental conditions under which the drug is employed.

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“…Similarly, dopamine levels are signiÞcantly increased after self-administered cocaine but not after passively administered drug (Wilson et al 1994). The unpredictable nature of inescapable, non-contingent drugdelivery may also act as a stressor (Barry and Buckley 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Withdrawal from a self-administered or non-contingent cocaine binge: differences in ultrasonic distress vocalizations in rats

Mutschler

Miczek

1998

Psychopharmacology

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After termination of a self-administered cocaine "binge," rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and these calls may represent affective distress. The present study investigated whether the rates of USVs as indices of withdrawal from a period of continuous access, depends on cocaine being self-administered versus given non-contingently. Five days after implantation of a jugular catheter, triads of rats that were matched for housing, food-training and surgery were placed into experimental chambers. The active rats were allowed to acquire self-administration of cocaine (0.5 mg) while the two yoked animals passively received either cocaine (0.5 mg) or saline according to the active animal's pattern of administration. Once the active animal responded at a stable rate over 3 days, with every third lever press being reinforced by cocaine (FR3), it was allowed free access to cocaine (0.5 mg) for 16 h. Subsequently, all animals were exposed to 18 air puffs (10 psi) at 0, or 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after the "binge". Immediately following the binge, there was no significant difference in the rate of startle-induced USVs between the active cocaine group and the yoked saline group. However, the yoked or non-contingent cocaine rats emitted significantly higher rates of USVs immediately after the last cocaine infusion. At the time of the peak increase in USVs, the active and yoked cocaine groups were significantly different. For up to 5 days after unlimited cocaine access, the active and passive-cocaine groups showed an increase in USVs response when compared to the yoked saline group. The emerging increase in USVs and their gradual decline observed after termination of a cocaine "binge" can be interpreted as an abstinence phenomenon. The non-contingent cocaine appears to be highly aversive, as indicated by the immediate significant increase in the rate of USVs after termination of a cocaine "binge".

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Drug Effects on Animal Performance and the Stress Syndrome

Cited by 68 publications

References 205 publications

Social stress, therapeutics and drug abuse: Preclinical models of escalated and depressed intake

Social stress, therapeutics and drug abuse: Preclinical models of escalated and depressed intake

Experimental effects of amphetamine: A review.

Withdrawal from a self-administered or non-contingent cocaine binge: differences in ultrasonic distress vocalizations in rats

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