Effects of repeated thermic and antibiotic treatments on a <i>Trichogramma</i> (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) symbiont

Pintureau, Bernard; Chapelle, La Grande; Delobel, B.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0418.1999.00412.x

Cited by 41 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This indicates that these two species are thelytokous species or that they are infected by endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia (Pintureau et al 2003). The latter case is more likely for T. pretiosum as the highest temperature tested (30°C) induced the production of few males and high temperatures are known to negatively affect Wolbachia bacteria (Pintureau et al 1999). The two other species, T. exiguum and T. atopovirilia, showed lower sex ratio values ranging from 0.71 to 0.87 and 0.72 to 0.78, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Performance of four Trichogramma species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as biocontrol agents of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under various temperature regimes

et al. 2011

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Trichogramma spp. are major parasitoids of lepidopteran pest eggs, but there is large variation in efficacy toward a given pest among the numerous described Trichogramma species. It is important to select the Trichogramma species that most effectively parasitize and develop in target pest eggs for biological control. In this context, Trichogramma pretiosum, T. exiguum, T. atopovirilia and T. acacioi were studied in Heliothis virescens eggs under different thermal conditions. The parasitoids were reared at constant temperatures of 20, 25 and 30°C and tested at these respective temperatures, while parasitoids reared at 25°C were also tested at 20 and 30°C, for a total of 20 species-temperature combinations. About 30 H. virescens eggs were offered to the parasitoids for 24 h. Among the four species, parasitism rate by T. atopovirilia was highest at all temperature conditions, whereas T. acacioi had the lowest rates of parasitism at 25°C and 25/30°C. Parasitism ranged from 13.8 to 43.8% among all species-temperature combinations. Viability (emerged parasitoids) ranged from 80.8 to 98.4%, and was deemed satisfactory. The emergence rates of T. exiguum and T. acacioi were affected by temperature. Temperature also affected the sex ratio of T. exiguum at 25/30°C, whereas T. pretiosum and T. acacioi produced females predominantly independent of temperature. Overall, the parasitoid T. atopovirilia was the most efficient in parasitizing H. virescens eggs, though the levels of parasitism obtained might not ensure its successful use in biological control programs. The temperature-related differences in biological traits observed in the four Trichogramma species tested hint at the importance of making careful choices regarding climatic conditions where the parasitoid is going to be used when selecting a species for biological control programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Performance of four Trichogramma species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as biocontrol agents of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under various temperature regimes

et al. 2011

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“…to elevated temperatures selected for bacterial genotypes that conferred heat stress resistance to both the bacteria and wasps [15]. Heat-adapted Wolbachia sp.…”

Section: Context-dependent Symbioses Across Disciplines (A) Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-dependent symbioses and their potential roles in wildlife diseases

Daskin

Alford

2012

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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It is well known in ecology, evolution and medicine that both the nature (commensal, parasitic and mutualistic) and outcome (symbiont fitness, survival) of symbiotic interactions are often contextdependent. Less is known about the importance of context-dependence in symbioses involved in wildlife disease. We review variable symbioses, and use the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis to demonstrate how understanding context-dependence can improve the understanding and management of wildlife diseases. In chytridiomycosis, the host-pathogen interaction is context-dependent; it is strongly affected by environmental temperature. Skin bacteria can also modify the interaction; some bacteria reduce amphibians' susceptibility to chytridiomycosis. Augmentation of protective microbes is being considered as a possible management tool, but informed application of bioaugmentation requires understanding of how the interactions between host, beneficial bacteria and pathogen depend upon environmental context. The community-level response of the amphibian skin microbiota to environmental conditions may explain the relatively narrow range of environmental conditions in which past declines have occurred. Environmental context affects virulence and the protection provided by mutualists in other host-pathogen systems, including threatened bats and corals. Increased focus on context-dependence in interactions between wildlife and their symbionts is likely to be crucial to the future investigation and management of emerging diseases of wildlife.

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“…In several hosts, infected females loose their Wolbachia when exposed to high temperatures (for example Pijls et al, 1996;Clancy and Hoffmann, 1998;Pintureau et al, 1999;Hurst et al, 2000). Eggs laid at high temperatures would then contain low Wolbachia concentrations, which may cause the effect of Wolbachia to be reduced or lost (Clancy and Hoffmann, 1998;Hurst et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occasional males in parthenogenetic populations of Asobara japonica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): low Wolbachia titer or incomplete coadaptation?

2011

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Wolbachia are endosymbiotic bacteria known to manipulate the reproduction of their hosts. Some populations of the parasitoid wasp Asobara japonica are infected with Wolbachia and reproduce parthenogenetically, while other populations are not infected and reproduce sexually. Wolbachia-infected A. japonica females regularly produce small numbers of male offspring. Because all females in the field are infected and infected females are not capable of sexual reproduction, male production seems to be maladaptive. We investigated why these females nevertheless produce males. We tested three hypotheses: high rearing temperatures could result in higher offspring sex ratios (more males), low Wolbachia titer of the mother could lead to higher offspring sex ratios and/or the Wolbachia infection is of relatively recent origin and not enough time has passed to allow complete coadaptation between Wolbachia and host. In all, 33% of the Wolbachia-infected females produced males and 56% of these males were also infected with Wolbachia. Neither offspring sex ratio nor male infection frequency was significantly affected by rearing temperature or Wolbachia concentration of the mother. The mitochondrial DNA sequence of one of the uninfected populations was identical to that of two of the infected populations. Therefore, the initial Wolbachia infection of A. japonica must have occurred recently. Mitochondrial sequence variation among the infected populations suggests that the spread of Wolbachia through the host populations involved horizontal transmission. We conclude that the occasional male production by Wolbachia-infected females is most likely a maladaptive side effect of incomplete coevolution between symbiont and host in this relatively young infection.

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Effects of repeated thermic and antibiotic treatments on a Trichogramma (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) symbiont

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

Performance of four Trichogramma species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as biocontrol agents of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under various temperature regimes

Performance of four Trichogramma species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as biocontrol agents of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under various temperature regimes

Context-dependent symbioses and their potential roles in wildlife diseases

Occasional males in parthenogenetic populations of Asobara japonica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): low Wolbachia titer or incomplete coadaptation?

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