Effects of quicklime conditioning on the volatile reforming and tar elimination performance of sewage sludge pyrochar

Zhang, Qian; Bu, Tong; Lu, Jintao; Jin, Zechen; Chen, Dezhen; Qiu, Fengxiang; Feng, Yuheng; Hu, Wenrong

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105732

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the case of the down-draft fixed-bed gasifiers developed by the author, the existing syngas cleaning technology based on commercial Wet Electrostatic Precipitators (for tar and particulate removal) or direct syngas scrubbing were sufficient to produce electricity through gas engine generators at large scales (500 kWe-2 MWe) using various biomass feedstock [67,99,114]. However, further tar removal or conversion of tars to low molecular mass hydrocarbons is necessary for the conversion of syngas to liquid fuels or chemicals, including ammonia [3,74,[103][104][105][106][107][110][111][112][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124].…”

Section: Syngas Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, there is no specific additive for general-purpose tar cracking applications suitable for all biomass/biomass waste gasification [118]. However, CaO minerals [119][120][121], which have an array of catalytic metals, are often utilized as natural catalysts and are capable of sequestrating acidic compounds including HCl and SO x as well as being used as a chemical-looping agent for biomass oxidation in gasification [118][119][120][121].…”

Section: Syngas Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Akay

2023

Catalysts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This multi-disciplinary paper aims to provide a roadmap for the development of an integrated, process-intensified technology for the production of H2, NH3 and NH3-based symbiotic/smart fertilizers (referred to as target products) from renewable feedstock with CO2 sequestration and utilization while addressing environmental issues relating to the emerging Food, Energy and Water shortages as a result of global warming. The paper also discloses several novel processes, reactors and catalysts. In addition to the process intensification character of the processes used and reactors designed in this study, they also deliver novel or superior products so as to lower both capital and processing costs. The critical elements of the proposed technology in the sustainable production of the target products are examined under three-sections: (1) Materials: They include natural or synthetic porous water absorbents for NH3 sequestration and symbiotic and smart fertilizers (S-fertilizers), synthesis of plasma interactive supported catalysts including supported piezoelectric catalysts, supported high-entropy catalysts, plasma generating-chemical looping and natural catalysts and catalysts based on quantum effects in plasma. Their performance in NH3 synthesis and CO2 conversion to CO as well as the direct conversion of syngas to NH3 and NH3—fertilizers are evaluated, and their mechanisms investigated. The plasma-generating chemical-looping catalysts (Catalysts, 2020, 10, 152; and 2016, 6, 80) were further modified to obtain a highly active piezoelectric catalyst with high levels of chemical and morphological heterogeneity. In particular, the mechanism of structure formation in the catalysts BaTi1−rMrO3−x−y{#}xNz and M3O4−x−y{#}xNz/Si = X was studied. Here, z = 2y/3, {#} represents an oxygen vacancy and M is a transition metal catalyst. (2) Intensified processes: They include, multi-oxidant (air, oxygen, CO2 and water) fueled catalytic biomass/waste gasification for the generation of hydrogen-enriched syngas (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, N2); plasma enhanced syngas cleaning with ca. 99% tar removal; direct syngas-to-NH3 based fertilizer conversion using catalytic plasma with CO2 sequestration and microwave energized packed bed flow reactors with in situ reactive separation; CO2 conversion to CO with BaTiO3−x{#}x or biochar to achieve in situ O2 sequestration leading to higher CO2 conversion, biochar upgrading for agricultural applications; NH3 sequestration with CO2 and urea synthesis. (3) Reactors: Several patented process-intensified novel reactors were described and utilized. They are all based on the Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor (M-RZR) concept and include, a multi-oxidant gasifier, syngas cleaning reactor, NH3 and fertilizer production reactors with in situ NH3 sequestration with mineral acids or CO2. The approach adopted for the design of the critical reactors is to use the critical materials (including natural catalysts and soil additives) in order to enhance intensified H2 and NH3 production. Ultimately, they become an essential part of the S-fertilizer system, providing efficient fertilizer use and enhanced crop yield, especially under water and nutrient stress. These critical processes and reactors are based on a process intensification philosophy where critical materials are utilized in the acceleration of the reactions including NH3 production and carbon dioxide reduction. When compared with the current NH3 production technology (Haber–Bosch process), the proposed technology achieves higher ammonia conversion at much lower temperatures and atmospheric pressure while eliminating the costly NH3 separation process through in situ reactive separation, which results in the production of S-fertilizers or H2 or urea precursor (ammonium carbamate). As such, the cost of NH3-based S-fertilizers can become competitive with small-scale distributed production platforms compared with the Haber–Bosch fertilizers.

show abstract

Section: Syngas Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Syngas Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Akay

2023

Catalysts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, this process requires additional activities and modifications owing to the high content of heteroatoms and high viscosity. To a lesser extent, the research focused on the obtained biochar, which could become a material used in gas and liquid purification processes or be the basis for obtaining modified carbon materials [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal Sewage Sludge as a Source for Obtaining Efficient Biosorbents: Analysis of Pyrolysis Products and Adsorption Tests

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the 21st century, the development of industry and population growth have significantly increased the amount of sewage sludge produced. It is a by-product of wastewater treatment, which requires appropriate management due to biological and chemical hazards, as well as several legal regulations. The pyrolysis of sewage sludge to biochar can become an effective way to neutralise and use waste. Tests were carried out to determine the effect of pyrolysis conditions, such as time and temperature, on the properties and composition of the products obtained and the sorption capacity of the generated biochar. Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) showed that the main components of the produced gas phase were CO2, CO, CH4 and to a lesser extent volatile organic compounds. In tar, compounds of mainly anthropogenic origin were identified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The efficiency of obtaining biochars ranged from 44% to 50%. An increase in the pyrolysis temperature resulted in a decreased amount of biochar produced while improving its physicochemical properties. The biochar obtained at high temperatures showed the good adsorption capacity of Cu2+ (26 mg·g−1) and Zn2+ (21 mg·g−1) cations, which indicates that it can compete with similar sorbents. Adsorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ proceeded according to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. The biosorbent obtained from sewage sludge can be successfully used for the separation of metal cations from water and technological wastewater or be the basis for producing modified and mixed carbon sorbents.

show abstract

Prediction and optimization of hydrogen-rich gas production from sewage sludge via a combined process of hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and reforming

Liu

Feng

Ying

et al. 2023

Energy Conversion and Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of quicklime conditioning on the volatile reforming and tar elimination performance of sewage sludge pyrochar

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Municipal Sewage Sludge as a Source for Obtaining Efficient Biosorbents: Analysis of Pyrolysis Products and Adsorption Tests

Prediction and optimization of hydrogen-rich gas production from sewage sludge via a combined process of hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and reforming

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About