Effects of Protein and Energy Restricted Diet During Lactation Leads to Persistent Morphological Changes on Tibia Growth in the Weaned Pups

Fernandes, Rodrigo Mota Pacheco; Abreu, Antonio Vitor de; Schanaider, Alberto; Jr., Edivaldo R. Soares; Pejanha, Gustavo C.A.; Babinski, Márcio Antônio; Ramos, Cristiane F.

doi:10.4067/s0717-95022007000300016

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The strengths of our study may be appreciated in its experimental design, the longitudinal nature of data collection, easy comparison to previous studies (Jones et al) using identical animal husbandry protocols Passos et al;Teixeira et al;Fernandes et al, 2007;Andrade et al), and simultaneous contrast of targeted and catch-up growth (Jones et al).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Pregnant Wistar rats were separated at delivery into three groups: 1) control group (C) -with free access to a standard laboratory diet (in grams per 100 g) containing 23 % protein, 68 % carbohydrate, 5 % lipid, 4 % salts and 0.4 % vitamins, 17,038.7 total energy (kJ/kg); 2) protein-energy-restricted group (PER) -with free access to an isoenergetic, protein-restricted diet containing 8 % protein, and 3) energy-restricted group (ER) -fed with a standard laboratory diet in restricted quantities that was calculated based on average ingestion of the PER group. We have previously shown that the PER group consumed about 60 % of the amount consumed by the control group, despite having free access to food Teixeira et al;Fernandes et al, 2007Fernandes et al, , 2008Andrade et al). Hence, the ER and PER groups ingested essentially the same amount of food, which was measured every day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Since bones are vital tissues, they are subject to a variety of disorders ranging from congenital defects, malnutrition, and hormone imbalance due to degenerative and inflammatory diseases and injuries. The development is critically affected by malnutrition, and several studies have examined the effect of nutritional deficiencies on bone growth during gestation (Mehta et al, 2002), lactation (Miller & German, 1999;Fernandes et al, 2007Fernandes et al, , 2008Fetoui et al;Andrade et al) and the post-weaning period (Ramos et al, 1997;Brogan et al, 1997). Thus, growth retardation varies in accordance with the severity and duration of the nutritional deficiency (Jones et al).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have shown that the nutritional status of the mother during gestation and lactation is essential to normal growth and development in humans (Baker, 2000) and in experimental animals (Passos et al, 2000;Teixeira et al, 2002;Fernandes et al, 2007Fernandes et al, , 2008; Andrade et al, 2012). Previous studies have shown that maternal malnutrition during lactation can change milk composition (Passos et al), serum hormone levels (Teixeira et al).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bone is one of the portions of the body that is critically affected by malnutrition (Boersma & Wit;Cooper et al, 2002;Houdijk et al, 2003;Oreffo et al;Boyer et al;Fernandes et al, 2007Fernandes et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Malnutrition Diet During Lactation Period Leads to Incomplete Catch-Up Growth in Femur of the Pups at Adulthood

et al. 2016

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SUMMARY:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal protein and energy restriction during lactation, analyzing on morphological dimensions whether there was catch-up growth through normative nutrition restored, as well as on mechanical axis of femur of the offspring at adulthood. At parturition, Wistar rat dams were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) control group (C) -free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23 % protein, 2) protein-energy restricted group (PER) -free access to an isoenergetic, protein-restricted diet containing 8 % protein, and 3) energy-restricted group (ER) -fed with restricted amounts of a standard laboratory diet. At weaning, all pups were separated of dams and received free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23 % protein until 180 days, when the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. The dimensions of excised pup femur were measured directly using pre-established anatomical points. Morphometric analysis of the femur (macroscopic) showed that most of the measurements in the ER and PER groups were significantly lower than in the control group, with the greatest reductions occurring in the PER group and several structural abnormalities. Our results show that protein and energy restriction during lactation leads to an incomplete catch-up growth in adulthood. The femur showed significant reduction in most of the parameters in the two treated groups, particularly the PER group, when compared to the control group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Malnutrition Diet During Lactation Period Leads to Incomplete Catch-Up Growth in Femur of the Pups at Adulthood

et al. 2016

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Unlimited access to low-energy diet causes acute malnutrition in dams and alters biometric and biochemical parameters in offspring

Nascimento

Muniz

et al. 2013

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Here we analyze the outcomes of unlimited access to a low-energy (LE) diet in dams and their offspring. At 3 weeks' gestation, pregnant Wistar rats were divided into two groups: (1) the control group received a normoenergetic diet; and (2) the experimental group received the LE diet. In dams, lactation outcomes, food intake, body weight, plasma IGF-1, prealbumin, transferrin and retinol-binding protein levels were evaluated; in offspring, biometric and biochemical parameters and food intake were evaluated. No differences were observed during pregnancy. However, after lactation, dams that received the LE diet demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (P<0.05), plasma IGF-1 (P=0.01), prealbumin and visceral fat (P<0.001). Pups born to dams that received the LE diet demonstrated reduced body length and weight at weaning (P<0.001) and were lighter than the control animals at the end of the experimental period. Pups also demonstrated reduced plasma, low-density lipoprotein (P=0.04), triglycerides (P=0.002) and glucose levels (P<0.05), and differences were noted in visceral fat. These results indicate that feeding dams with LE diet during the reproductive period induces acute malnutrition and impairs the growth and development of offspring, as well as certain metabolic parameters.

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Mandible Growth of Wistar Rats: Effects of Malnutrition during Lactation in Adulthood Mandibular Size

et al. 2018

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Introduction Malnutrition is a world health issue; thus, it is imperative to know its effects during lactation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal protein restriction during lactation on the horizontal and vertical bone growth of the mandible, according to predetermined parameters. Material and Methods At parturition, Wistar rat dams were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) control, which had free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% of protein; (2) protein energy-restricted, which had free access to an isoenergetic, protein-restricted diet containing 8% of protein; and (3) energy-restricted group, which received limited access to commercial diet containing 23% of protein.After 21 days, all pups received free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% of protein until their adulthood. Afterwards, the animals were euthanized under thiopental anesthesia and their mandibles were excised. The dimensions of the excised pup mandibles were measured directly with a digital caliper. Results The protein-restricted and the energy-restricted groups presented minor adulthood mandibular length in all parameters analyzed. Conclusion Our results provide original information regarding the mandibular growth and indicate that the maternal nutritional state during lactation can affect the development of mandibular growth. Moreover, our results indicated that the growth dysfunction could not be restored after normalization of the diet.Original Article THIEME Abbreviation: PER, protein energy restricted. † Principal protein resources were soybean wheat, steak, fish and amino acids. ‡ Standard diet for rats (Nuvilab-Nuvital, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil). § The PER diet was prepared in the laboratory at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro by replacing part of the protein content of the control diet with cornstarch. The amount of the latter was calculated to replace the same energy content of the control diet. Vitamin and mineral mixtures were formulated to meet the American Institute of Nutrition AIN-93G recommendation for rodent diets (Reeves et al.

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Effects of Protein and Energy Restricted Diet During Lactation Leads to Persistent Morphological Changes on Tibia Growth in the Weaned Pups

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Maternal Malnutrition Diet During Lactation Period Leads to Incomplete Catch-Up Growth in Femur of the Pups at Adulthood

Maternal Malnutrition Diet During Lactation Period Leads to Incomplete Catch-Up Growth in Femur of the Pups at Adulthood

Unlimited access to low-energy diet causes acute malnutrition in dams and alters biometric and biochemical parameters in offspring

Mandible Growth of Wistar Rats: Effects of Malnutrition during Lactation in Adulthood Mandibular Size

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