Effects of Probiotics BaSC06 on Intestinal Digestion and Absorption, Antioxidant Capacity, Microbiota Composition, and Macrophage Polarization in Pigs for Fattening

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effects of BaSC06 and antibiotics on growth, digestive functions, antioxidant capacity, macrophage polarization, and intestinal microbiota of pigs for fattening. A total of 117 pigs for fattening with similar weight and genetic basis were divided into 3 groups: Anti group (containing 40 g/t Kitasamycin in the diet), Anti+Ba group (containing 20 g/t Kitasamycin and 0.5 × 10 8 CFU/kg BaSC06 in the diet) and Ba group (containing 1 × 10 8 cfu/Kg BaSC06 in the diet without any antibiotics). Each treatment was performed in three replicates with 13 pigs per replicate. Results showed that BaSC06 replacement significantly improved the ADG (P < 0.05), intestinal digestion and absorption function by increasing the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and the expression of glucose transporters SGLT1 (P < 0.05) and small peptide transporters PEPT1 (P < 0.05). Besides, BaSC06 supplementation enhanced intestinal and body antioxidant capacity by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant signaling pathway due to the increased expression of p-Nrf2 (P < 0.05). Notably, BaSC06 alleviated intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-8, IL-6, and MCP1 (P < 0.05), and simultaneously increasing the expression of M1 macrophage marker protein iNOS (P < 0.05) and M2 macrophage marker protein Arg (P < 0.05) in the intestinal mucosa. Moreover, BaSC06 promoted the polarization of macrophages to M2 phenotype by stimulating the STAT3 signaling pathway. It was also noted that BaSC06 improved microbiota composition by enhancing the proportion of Firmicutes, and reducing that of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Taken together, our results indicate that dietary supplementation of BaSC06 in pigs for fattening improves the growth, mucosal structure, antioxidative capacity, immune functions (including increasing M1 and M2 polarization of macrophage) and composition of intestinal microbiota, which is much better than antibiotics, suggesting that it is an effective alternative to antibiotics in the preparation of pig feed.

Effects of dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzyme activity of broilers fed corn-wheat-soybean meal diets

“…The BA can also improve the digestive enzyme activity of intestinal tract chyme after being ingested by animals. Research on pigs indicates that dietary BA supplementation increased the activities of trypsin, amylase, and lipase in the chyme of duodenum and jejunum of growing-finishing pigs and piglets ( Hu et al, 2018 ; Cao et al, 2020 ). However, reports on the effect of BA on the digestive enzyme activity of broilers are very limited.…”

“…Therefore, it could be assumed that the digestion and utilization of nutrients in diets could be increased then the growth performance is improved by supplementation BA. The increase of digestive enzyme activities may be due to the secretion of BA, and the stimulation of endogenous enzyme synthesis by BA in the intestines ( Hu et al, 2018 ; Cao et al, 2020 ). Additionally, dietary BA also may improve enzyme levels by perfecting intestinal morphology and integrity ( Lei et al, 2015 ).…”

Bacterial Metabolite Reuterin Attenuated LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Response in HD11 Macrophages

“…For example, recent studies performed by Dayong Ren [ 31 ] and A. de Moreno de LeBlanc [ 32 ] displayed that long-term probiotic administration could increase the phagocytosis ability and M1 polarization of peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, Cao et al [ 33 ] reported that oral Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 06 administration could simultaneously enhance the protein expression of M1 and M2 polarization marker, iNOS , Arg and CD206 (mannose receptor) in ileum mucosa. Moreover, emerging evidence demonstrated that probiotics could exert an anti-inflammatory effect on maintaining immune homeostasis through regulating the conversion of macrophage polarization when the host is under pathological conditions.…”

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 0111 Protects Against Influenza Virus by Modulating Intestinal Microbial-Mediated Immune Responses

“…The World Health Organization defines probiotics as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts. In addition, probiotics can effectively promote the health and growth of host animals by regulating the balance of microorganisms in the intestinal tract, enhancing the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells, inhibiting the growth and adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms, and regulating immunomodulatory effects ( Bubnov et al, 2015 ; Hu et al, 2017 ; Cao et al, 2020 ). Lactic acid bacteria are the most common probiotics and have been widely used and considered safe for humans and animals ( Slattery et al, 2019 ).…”