Effects of Principal Stress Rotation on Permanent Deformation in Rail Track Foundations

Gräbe, P.J.; Clayton, C. R. I.

doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2009)135:4(555)

Cited by 176 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This has indeed been confirmed by some recent hollow cylinder torsional shear tests on anisotropic sand (Yang et al 2007; Tong et al 2010). Significant permanent strain has also been observed in the tests on principal stress rotations relevant to track foundation by Grabe and Clayton (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Modeling principal stress rotation for anisotropic sand

Kong

Yao

Zhao

2015

JGS Special Publication

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This paper extends a constitutive model previously developed by the authors to model the anisotropic sand behavior during cyclic rotation of principal stress axes. A new anisotropic stress tensor is defined by transforming the principal stresses during the rotation, and is then incorporated to formulate the incremental form of the constitutive relation for anisotropic soil subjected to cyclic load. All the model parameters can be conveniently calibrated by triaxial compression/extension tests. The new model is validated by simulating the behavior of Toyoura sand subjected to rotational shearing and good comparison is observed with the experimental data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Modeling principal stress rotation for anisotropic sand

Kong

Yao

Zhao

2015

JGS Special Publication

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“…Individual pressure bulbs from closely spaced wheels can interact to form wider, deeper pressure bulbs (as encountered by Gräbe and Clayton (2009) when investigating deformation in railway foundations, where sleepers are more closely spaced than conventional road wheel loads). The interaction between closely spaced wheel loads (or railway sleepers) also potentially changes the failure mechanism from being localised under a wheel to acting over the whole vehicle (Lehtonen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyclic principal stress rotation softens soil, causing significantly larger cumulative strains (Arthur et al, 1980;Jefferies et al, 2015;Xiao et al, 2014). Cyclic principal stress rotation has been found to result in accelerated failure (Gräbe and Clayton, 2009) when compared with a cyclic load that does not move (Brown and Chan, 1996). Self-weight stresses are low beneath a conventional road (Brown, 1996); therefore, lateral stresses arising in front of (and behind) a moving wheel will cause large rotation of the principal stresses.…”

Section: 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Routes for exceptional loads: a new soil mechanics perspective

Krechowiecki-Shaw

Royal

Jefferson

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport

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Off-site prefabrication can bring cost, quality and programme benefits to construction projects but often requires the transportation of large, indivisible loads (in the order of 1000-10 000 t) on temporary routes that can cross soft soils. Through simple numerical modelling, this paper demonstrates that the fundamental behaviour of the ground supporting these large loads can differ significantly from that expected in conventional road design practice; the interaction between many closely spaced wheels means the vehicle's influence depth and failure mechanism are significantly deeper. Surface soils are less influential. Deeper soil was found to be more prone to local yield, developing large localised strains at low proportions (10-30%) of the ultimate capacity. Instead of designing temporary roads to avoid yield and degradation under cyclic loads, significant savings may be possible if limited degradation is permitted, with recovery through consolidation between loads. Investigation and monitoring of deep subsoils during operations is recommended for real-time evaluation of geotechnical risk. Notation

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“…Broms & Casbarian (1965) were the first to describe HCA tests on soils. Multiple authors have since reported a wide range of HCA research, including Hight et al (1983); Symes et al (1984Symes et al ( ), (1988; Towhata & Ishihara (1985); Vaid et al (1990); Zdravkovic & Jardine (1997); Nakata et al (1998);Yang et al (2007); Nishimura et al (2007) and Gräbe & Clayton (2009). These authors have shown that principal stress axes rotation can have a marked impact on the undrained pore pressure, non-linear stiffness and shear strength behaviours of many geomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress–strain response of soft clay to traffic loading

et al. 2017

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Approximately 25% of China's 120 000 km of expressway, as well as many new metro lines and airports, rest on soft clay deposits. However, service settlements are proving larger than expected, especially in southeast China. This note describes laboratory experiments on K 0 -consolidated intact samples of soft clay taken near Wenzhou, south-east China, that explore whether cyclic traffic wheel loading contributes significantly to the observed settlement trends. Cyclic triaxial (CT) tests are reported together with cyclic hollow cylinder (CHCA) experiments that imposed cardioid-shaped 2τ zθ À (Δσ z À Δσ θ ) stress paths. Cyclic principal stress axis rotation is shown to have an important influence on vertical straining. Once a certain threshold has been exceeded, the resilient and permanent strains developed in the CHCA tests become progressively larger than their counterparts in CT tests conducted at the same vertical cyclic stress ratio, with trends that diverge progressively as vertical cyclic stress ratio increases. Critical cyclic stress ratios can be defined that divide the response into (a) stable, (b) metastable and (c) unstable cyclic ranges. The novel experimental approach and high-quality data reported should aid practitioners and modellers in developing new analyses to address this economically significant geotechnical problem.

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Effects of Principal Stress Rotation on Permanent Deformation in Rail Track Foundations

Cited by 176 publications

References 19 publications

Modeling principal stress rotation for anisotropic sand

Modeling principal stress rotation for anisotropic sand

Routes for exceptional loads: a new soil mechanics perspective

Stress–strain response of soft clay to traffic loading

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