Effects of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on Physical Growth, Sensory Reflex Maturation and Brain Development in the Rat

López-Tejero, Dolores; Ferrer, Isidró; Llobera, Miquel; Herrera, Emílio

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1986.tb00138.x

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The results of the present study also showed that growth in the alcohol-intake group did not catch up with the The eye-opening period is a growth index, and eye-opening occurs on average on postnatal day 12 47) . However, previous studies indicated that eye-opening is delayed in rats with FAS 48) .…”

Section: Body Weight Of Neonatal Rats and Eye-opening Periodmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Growth and Formation of the Tooth Germ in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Imai

Miake

Yanagisawa

et al. 2007

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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Abstract:The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the influence of alcohol ingestion in pregnant rats on the body and teeth of neonatal rats. Twenty two pregnant rats were divided into a normally-housed control group and alcohol-intake group exposed to alcohol during pregnancy, and 223 neonatal rats from these pregnant rats were used for the study. We observed the amount of water intake and the number of pups in mother rats, and body weight, eye-opening, and tooth development (postnatal day 1, 5, 15, and 20) in neonatal rats. The results showed the decreasing number of pups in the alcohol-intake group. Neonatal rats in the alcohol-intake group exhibited a lower body weight, especially on the first neonatal day, with a significant difference within the group. They also showed a delay in the time to eye-opening. Histopathological examination revealed no significant morphological abnormalities in odontogenic cells, but differential growth of the tooth germ and a delay in dental root formation were observed. The present study confirmed the influences of alcohol ingestion in pregnant rats on neonatal rats, including delays in physical development, differential growth of the tooth germ, and tooth eruption time.

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Section: Body Weight Of Neonatal Rats and Eye-opening Periodmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…However, previous studies have indicated a delay in tooth eruption in rats with FAS 48,49) . In the present study, we observed the tooth eruption status of the lower first molar on postnatal day 20.…”

Section: Eruption Of the Lower First Molarmentioning

confidence: 83%

Growth and Formation of the Tooth Germ in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Imai

Miake

Yanagisawa

et al. 2007

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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“…These anomalies have also been reported in rodents exposed to alcohol during gestation and/or during the early postnatal period (Lopez-Tejero et al, 1986;Mattson et al, 2001;Tran et al, 2000). The behavioral deficits seen in offspring of mothers that abuse alcohol during pregnancy as well as in rodents exposed to alcohol during gestation and early postnatal periods indicate that the sensorimotor system is particularly susceptible to alcohol during brain development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…It is clear that alcohol exposure during the critical growth spurt period has significant effects on cortical development. The alcohol-induced dysfunctions in cerebral cortex reported during the period of synaptogenesis contribute, in part, to impaired sensory information processing that may underlie delayed sensorimotor development and impaired fine and gross motor control seen in children with FASD (Burd et al, 2003;Connor et al, 2006;Lopez-Tejero et al, 1986;Streissguth et al, 1984).…”

Section: Postnatal Alcohol Exposure and Pmbsf Area And Barrel Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The behavioral deficits seen in offspring of mothers that abuse alcohol during pregnancy as well as in rodents exposed to alcohol during gestation and early postnatal periods indicate that the sensorimotor system is particularly susceptible to alcohol during brain development. Children with FAS have delayed motor development and somatosensory impairments necessary for performance of fine and gross motor skills (Burd et al, 2003;Connor et al, 2006;Lopez-Tejero et al, 1986). Exposure to alcohol during brain development has been shown to affect reaction time, attention, and response latency in children with FAS (Streissguth et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early postnatal alcohol exposure reduced the size of vibrissal barrel field in rat somatosensory cortex (SI) but did not disrupt barrel field organization

Oladehin

Margret

Maier

et al. 2007

Alcohol

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Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been shown to alter the somatosensory cortex in both human and animal studies. In rodents, PAE reduced the size, but not the pattern of the posteromedial barrel subfield (PMBSF) associated with the representation of the whiskers, in newborn, juvenile, and adult rats. However, the PMBSF is not present at birth, but rather first appears in the middle of the first postnatal week during the brain growth spurt period. These findings raise questions whether early postnatal alcohol exposure might disrupt both barrel field pattern and size, questions that were investigated in the present study. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into alcohol (Alc), nutritional gastric control (GC), and suckle control (SC) on P4. Rat pups in Alc and GC were artificially fed with alcohol and maltose-dextrin dissolved in milk respectively, via an implant gastrostomy tube, from postnatal day 4 (P4) to P9. Pups in the Alc group received alcohol (6.0 g/kg) in milk, while the GC controls received isocaloric equivalent maltose-dextrin dissolved in milk. Pups in the SC group remained with their mothers and breast fed throughout the experimental period. On P10, pups in each group were weighed, sacrificed, and their brains removed and weighed. Cortical hemispheres were separated, weighed, flattened, sectioned tangentially, stained with cytochrome oxidase, and PMBSF measured. The sizes of barrels and the interbarrel septal region within PMBSF, as well as body and brain weights were compared between the three groups. The sizes of PMSBF barrel and septal areas were significantly smaller (p < 0.01) in Alc group compared to controls, while the PMBSF barrel pattern remained unaltered. Body, whole brain, forebrain, and hemisphere weights were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) in Alc pups compared to control groups. GC and SC groups did not differ significantly in all dependent variables, except body weight at P9 and P10 (p < 0.01). These results suggest that postnatal alcohol exposure, like prenatal exposure, significantly influenced the size of the barrel field, but not barrel field pattern formation, indicating that barrel field pattern formation consolidated prior to P4. These results are important for understanding sensorimotor deficits reported in children suffering from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).

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Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Ethanol on Intestinal Development of Rat Fetuses

Camps,

Kédinger,

Simon‐Assmann

et al. 1997

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Background:Chronic alcoholism in pregnant animals and humans lead to general growth impairment in their offspring, which show multiple birth defects and delayed grown (fetal alcohol syndrome). Here we study the maturation of the intestine under the effect of chronic exposure to ethanol in utero together with associated malnutrition.Methods:Lactase, acid β‐galactosidase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase activity profiles were monitored in 18‐, 19‐, 20‐, and 21‐day‐old fetuses from rats kept under three nutritional treatments before and during gestation: alcohol‐treated (25% ethanol in drinking water), fiber‐treated (50% cellulose‐diluted diet) as a control of the malnutrition associated with chronic alcoholism, and control or normal diet. Serum corticosterone determination and lactase immunolocalization were carried out. To detect possible direct effects of ethanol during the period of mucosa development, intestinal explants from 18‐, 19‐, and 20‐day‐old control fetuses were cultured either in the basal medium alone or in a medium containing 25 mM ethanol for 72, 48, and 24 h of incubation, respectively.Results:Following chronic ethanol exposure in utero, intestinal weight and brush‐border protein content and the specific activities of lactase, acid β‐galactosidase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly lower than those of nutritional controls. Organ culture results, under the assay conditions stated, did not show a direct effect of ethanol 25 mM on prenatal mucosal functionality.Conclusions:All these results suggest that maternal malnutrition is not primarily responsible for the impaired intestinal maturation in rat fetuses from alcohol‐treated mothers; indirect effects of ethanol and/or its derivatives throughout embryo‐fetal development could be necessary to promote this intestinal delay.

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Effects of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on Physical Growth, Sensory Reflex Maturation and Brain Development in the Rat

Cited by 38 publications

References 28 publications

Growth and Formation of the Tooth Germ in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Growth and Formation of the Tooth Germ in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Early postnatal alcohol exposure reduced the size of vibrissal barrel field in rat somatosensory cortex (SI) but did not disrupt barrel field organization

Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Ethanol on Intestinal Development of Rat Fetuses

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