Effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on human gingival fibroblast, osteoblast and periodontal ligament cell behaviour

Abstract

BackgroundThe use of platelet rich plasma (PRP, GLO) has been used as an adjunct to various regenerative dental procedures. The aim of the present study was to characterize the influence of PRP on human gingival fibroblasts, periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and osteoblast cell behavior in vitro.MethodsHuman gingival fibroblasts, PDL cells and osteoblasts were cultured with conditioned media from PRP and investigated for cell migration, proliferation and collagen1 (COL1) immunostaining. Furthermore, gingival fibroblasts were tested for genes encoding TGF-β, PDGF and COL1a whereas PDL cells and osteoblasts were additionally tested for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining and mRNA levels of osteoblast differentiation markers including Runx2, COL1a2, ALP and osteocalcin (OCN).ResultsIt was first found that PRP significantly increased cell migration of all cells up to 4 fold. Furthermore, PRP increased cell proliferation at 3 and 5 days of gingival fibroblasts, and at 3 days for PDL cells, whereas no effect was observed on osteoblasts. Gingival fibroblasts cultured with PRP increased TGF-β, PDGF-B and COL1 mRNA levels at 7 days and further increased over 3-fold COL1 staining at 14 days. PDL cells cultured with PRP increased Runx2 mRNA levels but significantly down-regulated OCN mRNA levels at 3 days. No differences in COL1 staining or ALP staining were observed in PDL cells. Furthermore, PRP decreased mineralization of PDL cells at 14 days post seeding as assessed by alizarin red staining. In osteoblasts, PRP increased COL1 staining at 14 days, increased COL1 and ALP at 3 days, as well as increased ALP staining at 14 days. No significant differences were observed for alizarin red staining of osteoblasts following culture with PRP.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that PRP promoted gingival fibroblast migration, proliferation and mRNA expression of pro-wound healing molecules. While PRP induced PDL cells and osteoblast migration and proliferation, it tended to have little to no effect on osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, while the effects seem to favor soft tissue regeneration, the additional effects of PRP on hard tissue formation of PDL cells and osteoblasts could not be fully confirmed in the present in vitro culture system.

Strontium enhances proliferation and osteogenic behavior of periodontal ligament cells in vitro

“…This high concentration of Sr was selected to be comparable to that reported as possible in an actual in vivo system regarding local delivery of Sr. 10 A few other substances have been found to achieve similar results, mostly platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and BMPs. [27][28][29] On the other hand, such substances have also been associated with some disadvantages such as high costs, high supra-physiological doses of growth factors, as well as unwanted side effects associated with recombinant therapies. 30 Studies reporting on possible side effects of Sr administration (local and systemic) have no findings which would support such deleterious effects.…”

Systematic Comparison of the Effect of Four Clinical-Grade Platelet Rich Hemoderivatives on Osteoblast Behaviour

“…Most of the studies investigating the effect of hemoderivatives on cell behaviour have used a 20% concentration of the exudates for technical reasons (availability and quantity of blood, etc.) or to allow for comparison to the established literature [6,7,41,42]. Ultimately, an ideal in vitro or in vivo concentration has yet to be defined, and the result of this study was able to provide a unique insight into the effect that various concentrations common hemoderivative preparations have on cell function.…”

“…As autologous formulations, prepared via relatively simple chairside fabrication, these blood products have recently generated considerable interest in clinical regenerative medicine [2][3][4][5]. Growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived epidermal growth factor (PDEGF) and fibrin matrix proteins, are found in these preparations at a higher concentration than in blood, and have been proposed to directly contribute to accelerating tissue regeneration [5][6][7]. Hemoderivative preparations have also been frequently used as a surgical adjuvant to improve healing and promote tissue regeneration in the treatment of intrabony defects [8][9][10], alveolar ridge augmentation [11], post-extraction socket preservation [12], treatment of membrane perforation [13] and maxillary sinus augmentation [14,15].…”

Nanostructured platelet-rich plasma: state of art in dental treatments

“…Commercial PRP (GLO-PRP) has been used as complement to several regenerative dental techniques. Kobayashi et al [55] studied PRP characterization in vitro and its effect on PDL (periodontal ligament) cells, human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblast cell behavior. The outcomes have demonstrated that PRP induced proliferation, gingival fibroblast migration and expression of mRNA pro-wound healing molecules.…”