Effects of Pedestrian Prompts on Motorist Yielding at Crosswalks

Crowley-Koch, Brian J.; Houten, Ron Van; Lim, Eun Jung

doi:10.1901/jaba.2011.44-121

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Without eye contact, about 55% of the drivers did not stop for the pedestrian, while about 68% of the drivers stopped when the pedestrian was seeking eye contact. A positive effect of pedestrians’ eye contact and/or other gestures (e.g., hand waving, leg movements, and smile) is also demonstrated in terms of increased time to collision and decreased severe braking by drivers (Ren et al, 2016), and increased drivers’ yielding behavior (Nasar, 2003; Crowley-Koch et al, 2011; Zhuang and Wu, 2014; Guéguen et al, 2016). Schmidt and Färber (2009) showed that participants were unable to correctly evaluate pedestrians’ crossing intentions based only on their trajectories, suggesting that parameters of body language are valuable cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While traffic signals, signs, and road markings provide explicit guidelines for those operating in and around the roadways, some decisions, such as determinations of “who will go first,” are made by implicit negotiations between road users. In such situations, pedestrians are today often dependent on cues in drivers’ behavior such as eye contact, postures, and gestures. With the introduction of more automated functions and the transfer of control from the driver to the vehicle, pedestrians cannot rely on such non-verbal cues anymore. To study how the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles (AVs) might look like in the future, and how this might be affected if AVs were to communicate their intent to pedestrians, we designed an external vehicle interface called automated vehicle interaction principle (AVIP) that communicates vehicles’ mode and intent to pedestrians. The interaction was explored in two experiments using a Wizard of Oz approach to simulate automated driving. The first experiment was carried out at a zebra crossing and involved nine pedestrians. While it focused mainly on assessing the usability of the interface, it also revealed initial indications related to pedestrians’ emotions and perceived safety when encountering an AV with/without the interface. The second experiment was carried out in a parking lot and involved 24 pedestrians, which enabled a more detailed assessment of pedestrians’ perceived safety when encountering an AV, both with and without the interface. For comparison purposes, these pedestrians also encountered a conventional vehicle. After a short training course, the interface was deemed easy for the pedestrians to interpret. The pedestrians stated that they felt significantly less safe when they encountered the AV without the interface, compared to the conventional vehicle and the AV with the interface. This suggests that the interface could contribute to a positive experience and improved perceived safety in pedestrian encounters with AVs – something that might be important for general acceptance of AVs. As such, this topic should be further investigated in future studies involving a larger sample and more dynamic conditions.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This intervention could also be combined with other effective interventions. Similar to Crowley-Koch et al (2011), combining a gateway configuration of signs with prompts for pedestrians to signal their intent to cross could further increase yielding percentages. This approach may seem more equitable as the prompts are given to both parties involved in the interaction (i.e., both the pedestrian and the motorist are being asked to do something).…”

Section: Figure 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining generalization of motorist yielding at an adjacent crosswalk with variations of the gateway sign configuration

Hochmuth

Crowley-Koch

Houten

2020

J of App Behav Analysis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gateway sign configuration has been effective at increasing motorist yielding and reducing speeds at crosswalks. A gateway configuration uses in-street signs at a crosswalk on each edge of the roadway and on each lane line. Although this intervention is effective at increasing motorist yielding at uncontrolled crosswalks, the limits of the intervention have yet to be tested. The present study examined if 1) the effects of the gateway intervention on one crosswalk would generalize to an untreated adjacent crosswalk, and 2) if the effects of an offset configuration of signs which partially treated each crosswalk could maximize the effects of that generalization. Experiment 1 showed that less yielding occurred at the untreated crosswalk than at the treated crosswalk, though yielding was higher than baseline. In Experiment 2, results showed that an offset gateway configuration could produce comparable levels of yielding at both crosswalks.

show abstract

“…In September of 1997 the government organized an educative campaign called "Give a Life Signal" with the purpose to establish walking the crosswalk even more safe; pedestrians should make a signal with the arm (Crowley-Koch, Van Houten, & Lim, 2011;Van Houten, Malenfant, and Rolider, 1985) before crossing the street so that they would be more visible for the drivers. A theater group made performances in the streets showing how to walk the crosswalk correctly.…”

Section: Maintenance Of a New Cultural Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Crossing the Crosswalk: How to Make a City Walk the Line

Machado

Todorov

2017

Behav. Soc. Iss.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stopping for pedestrians in the crosswalk is a longstanding legal mandate in Brazil, but is rarely obeyed or enforced, except in the Brazilian capital, Brasilia where yielding is almost universal because of a campaign planned and developed as a joint effort of government, universities, the media and non-governmental organizations. An overview of the process that resulted in large scale change in cultural practices is presented in this brief report. KEYWORDS: pedestrian safety, traffic safety, Paz no Trânsito, changing cultural practicesIn 1996 Brasilia, DF, Brazil was a city characterized by high speeding cars and a significant number of accidents. A campaign was organized involving several key institutions of civil society (media, churches, the University of Brasília) and government (police and the traffic department of Brasília) acting together. The campaign reduced urban speed and established the cultural practice of respecting crosswalks: practically all drivers in Brasília now stop for the pedestrians crossing the street in the crosswalk. This present paper describes in behavior analytic terms the actions of these institutions that established that change in a cultural practice and discuss this change applying the concept of metacontingency as a conceptual tool to understand this cultural phenomenon.

show abstract

Effects of Pedestrian Prompts on Motorist Yielding at Crosswalks

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians

Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians

Examining generalization of motorist yielding at an adjacent crosswalk with variations of the gateway sign configuration

Crossing the Crosswalk: How to Make a City Walk the Line

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About