Effects of omitting vitamin and trace mineral premixes and(or) reducing inorganic phosphorus additions on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle quality in finishing pigs.

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of omitting vitamin and trace mineral premixes and(or) reducing inorganic phosphorus additions to finishing diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle quality in pigs. In Exp. 1, a corn-soybean meal-based diet (.70% lysine, .65% Ca, and .55% P) was used as the control. Pigs (n = 128; average initial BW of 85.7 kg) were fed the control diet or the control diet without 1) the vitamin premix, 2) the trace mineral premix, or 3) both premixes. Omitting the premixes had no effect on ADG (P>.39); gain/feed (P>.17); carcass backfat thickness (P>.42); and marbling, color, and firmness of the longissimus muscle (P>.11). In Exp. 2, pigs (n = 128; average initial BW of 86.2 kg) were fed the control diet (.65% Ca and .53% P) used in Exp. 1 and the control diet without 1/3 (.56% Ca and .46% P), 2/3 (.51% Ca and .40% P), or all (.47% Ca and .31% P) of the added monocalcium phosphate (MCP). Omitting up to 2/3 of the MCP increased ADG (quadratic effect, P<.02) and had no effect on meat quality (P>.12), but backfat thickness increased slightly (quadratic effect, P<.02). In Exp. 3, pigs (n = 160; average initial BW of 86.6 kg) were fed the control diet used in Exp. 1 or the control without 1) the vitamin and trace mineral premixes, 2) 2/3 of the MCP, or 3) the premixes and 2/3 of the MCP. Treatment had no effects on ADG (P>.23), gain/feed (P>.94), stomach lesions (P>.37), or serum gamma globulins (P>.08). In conclusion, vitamin and trace mineral premixes and up to 2/3 of the supplemental MCP can be omitted during late finishing (i.e., approximately the final 30 d) to reduce nutrient excesses that increase cost of feeding and nutrients excreted in waste material.

Effect of dietary nutrient density and vitamin premix withdrawal on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens

“…It has been reported that omitting vitamin premix from pig's finisher diet had no significant effect on pork water holding capacity at days 0, 3, 5, 10 and 15 of refrigeration. 39 There are some studies with similar findings, 40,41 while it has been reported that high-dose vitamin E supplementation improves WHC of meat in chickens and pigs. 42,43 The two-way interactions nutrient density × premix and premix × day and a three-way interaction nutrient density × premix × day were not significant for thigh meat pH during 180 days of storage (Table 3), but a significant interaction of nutrient density × day was found (P < 0.05).…”

“…reported that increasing dietary energy increased intramuscular fat; consequently, tissue water decreases. It has been reported that omitting vitamin premix from pig's finisher diet had no significant effect on pork water holding capacity at days 0, 3, 5, 10 and 15 of refrigeration . There are some studies with similar findings, while it has been reported that high‐dose vitamin E supplementation improves WHC of meat in chickens and pigs …”

Effect of microbial phytase addition with or without the trace mineral premix in nursery, growing, and finishing pig diets1,2

“…however, most of the research used growing or finishing pigs. Kim et al (1997) and Mavromichalis et al (1999) indicated that the TMP could be removed from the diet of finishing pigs with no negative effects on growth, carcass characteristics, or pork quality. Shelton et al (2004) reported similar results on growth performance and pork quality with growing-finishing pigs (22 to 109 kg), but there were some negative effects on carcass traits.…”

Influence of genotype and feeding strategy on pig performance, plasma concentrations of micro nutrients, immune responses and faecal microbiota composition of growing-finishing pigs in a forage-based system

“…The traditional cross-breed had significant higher plasma concentration of Mg, Cu, Se, Fe and Zn. Mavromichalis et al, 1999), but on longer term, removing the micro-mineral and vitamin premix from 54-58 kg until slaughter reduce average daily gain and vitamin E and copper content in meat (Edmonds and Arentson, 2001), and removing only the micro-mineral premix from 22 kg until slaughter did not affect growth performance, but it reduced micro-mineral content in different tissues and carcass traits (Shelton et al, 2004). Although the pigs on the RES-20 (which was not supplemented with the micronutrient premix) had a lower vitamin E status than the pigs on the other treatments, all experimental pigs had a satisfactory plasma α-tocopherol concentration (around 1.5 mg/L) according to the recommendation given by Wilburn et al (2008).…”