Effect of microbial phytase addition with or without the trace mineral premix in nursery, growing, and finishing pig diets1,2

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effects of phytase with and without a trace mineral premix (TMP) in diets for nursery, growing, and finishing pigs on growth performance, bone responses, and tissue mineral concentrations. Pigs (initial and final BW of 5.5 and 111.6 kg [Exp. 1] or 5.4 and 22.6 kg [Exp. 2]) were allotted to treatments on the basis of BW with eight (Exp. 1) or six (Exp. 2) replications of six or seven pigs per replicate pen. Pigs were started on the diets the day of weaning (average of 18 d). In both experiments, the treatments were with or without 500 phytase units/kg of diet and with or without the TMP in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The Ca and available P concentrations were decreased by 0.10% in diets with phytase. The nursery phase consisted of Phase I (7 d), Phase II (14 d), and Phase III (13 d) periods. In Exp. 1, 26 of 52 pigs fed the diet without the TMP and without phytase had severe skin lesions and decreased growth performance; therefore, pigs fed this diet were switched to the positive control diet. In Exp. 2, the treatment without the TMP and without phytase had 12 replications instead of six. At the end of Phase III, half these replications were switched to the positive control diet and half were switched to the diet without the TMP but with phytase. In Exp. 1 during Phases II and III and in the overall data, pigs fed the diet without the TMP had decreased ADG and ADFI, but the addition of phytase prevented these responses (phytase x TMP; P < 0.02). Growth performance was not affected by diet during the growing-finishing period. Coccygeal bone Zn and Na concentrations were decreased (P < 0.09) in pigs fed the diet without the TMP, and adding phytase increased (P < 0.03) Zn and Fe concentrations. In Exp. 2 during Phases I and II, pigs fed the diet without the TMP had decreased ADG, but the addition of phytase prevented this response (phytase x TMP; P < 0.10). Pigs fed the diet without the TMP had decreased (P < 0.10) ADG (Phase II and overall), ADFI (Phases II and III and in the overall data), and G:F (Phase III). Coccygeal bone Zn and Cu concentrations were decreased (P < 0.09) in pigs fed the diet without the TMP, and adding phytase increased (P < 0.03) Zn concentration in the bones. These data indicate that removing the TMP in diets for nursery pigs decreases growth performance and bone mineral content, and that phytase addition to the diet without the TMP prevented the decreased growth performance.

Super High Dosing with a Novel Buttiauxella Phytase Continuously Improves Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Mineral Status of Weaned Pigs

“…Only one study demonstrated a positive effect of phytase on Mn absorption, which was indicated by increased bone Mn concentration [22]. Results of the current study indicate that Mn status in pigs (indicated by Mn content of bone and kidney) only improved by inclusion of 20,000 FTU/kg, but not by 500 or 1,000 FTU of phytase per kg.…”

“…Greater improvement in Zn availability by the addition of microbial phytase in pig diets was reported by several authors [3,22,23]. The improved availability generated by phytase is assumed to reduce the need for Zn supplementation in diets fed to pigs [24,25] and it may be possible to remove the micro mineral premix in diets fed to finisher pigs [22,23]. A metaanalysis indicated that phytase inclusion up to 500 FTU/kg rapidly increased the generated digestible Zn, after which there is a much slower increase in digestible Zn [4].…”

“…There are limited reports in the literature regarding the effect of dietary phytase on Mn bioavailability in pigs [3,22,23,29]. Only one study demonstrated a positive effect of phytase on Mn absorption, which was indicated by increased bone Mn concentration [22].…”

A genetically engineered Escherichia coli phytase improves nutrient utilization, growth performance, and bone strength of young swine fed diets deficient in available phosphorus1

“…Therefore, we would not expect an increase in the percentage absorption of these trace elements by the addition of E. coli phytase because our test diets were not deficient in these nutrients. However, when corn-SBM test diets were deficient in 1 or more trace elements, A. niger phytase was effective in increasing trace element use by swine (Adeola, 1995;Stahl et al, 1999;Shelton et al, 2005).…”

Efeito das fontes de zinco na dieta de matrizes suínas e na sua progênie

“…A deficiência de zinco pode resultar em anormalidade fetal ou do crescimento esquelético, retardo do crescimento, ou dermatite (BAKER; AMMERMAN, 1995;SHELTON et al, 2005). Payne, et al (2006) O mecanismo que estaria relacionado ao controle de diarreia, ainda não está bem esclarecido.…”