Effects of oblique angle deposition on optical and morphological properties of WO 3 nanorod films for electrochromic application

Salawan, Chantana; Aiempanakit, Montri; Aiempanakit, Kamon; Chananonnawathorn, Chanunthorn; Eiamchai, Pitak; Horprathum, Mati

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.148

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The relationships of morphology and porosity enhanced the electrochromic properties with maximum optical contrast. Salawan et al [30] have clearly demonstrated that dense film compared to rod film structure by oblique angle deposition with sputtering method to increase the surface area of electrochromic property. Moreover, the nanoscale porous network structure was developed to optimize the electrochromic properties [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

et al. 2022

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In this study, nickel oxide (NiO) films were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass by a chemical bath deposition (CBD) at different nickel sulfate (NiSO4) concentrations. The NiO films were verified for their structural properties with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) while the optical properties were investigated using a spectrophotometer. Moreover, the NiO films were studied to assess their electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry in potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte. The results showed that annealed NiO films exhibited the dominant crystal structure of the (111) plane. Meanwhile, the NiSO4 concentration controlled morphological structure between dense and porous structures. The porous structure of NiO film was produced with the NiSO4 concentration in the range of 0.2 M to 1.0 M and the most porous structure was NiSO4 concentration at 0.8 M with a porosity of 64.56%. The optical contrast was calculated between bleached and colored states which were obtained at a maximum of 51.39% for NiO films at 0.8 NiSO4 concentration. Morphological effects and electrochromic properties were highly consistent. Analysis of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) results revealed that the cyclic stability for the highly porous structure of NiO films was more deteriorating than the less porous films.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

et al. 2022

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“…A glancing angle deposition technique (GLAD) is one of the approaches opted by some researchers to grow WO 3 nanorods on FTO via the PVD sputtering method. 28 , 29 However, no work has been reported for hematite growth using this technique. Apart from morphology variation, surface modification with doping, decoration, or even formation of heterostructures is another potential approach to improve the PEC efficiency of hematite photoanodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the researchers employ a hydrothermal method for the development of vertically aligned hematite nanorods on any kind of conducting surface, and few works have reported the growth of vertically aligned hematite using an RF PVD method. A glancing angle deposition technique (GLAD) is one of the approaches opted by some researchers to grow WO 3 nanorods on FTO via the PVD sputtering method. , However, no work has been reported for hematite growth using this technique. Apart from morphology variation, surface modification with doping, decoration, or even formation of heterostructures is another potential approach to improve the PEC efficiency of hematite photoanodes. , Researchers synthesized a variety of heterostructure photocatalysts such as Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 @SnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 /CdS, and ZrO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 by impregnating growth of TiO 2 , SnO 2 CdS, and ZrO 2 onto Fe 2 O 3 or incorporating Zr, Ag, Ti, and Pt on hematite to form doped hematite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically Aligned CdO-Decked α-Fe₂O₃ Nanorod Arrays by a Radio Frequency Sputtering Method for Enhanced Photocatalytic Applications

et al. 2022

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Green hydrogen production is one of the most desirable sustainable goals of the United Nations. Thus, for that purpose, we developed hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ), an n-type semiconductor, a desirable candidate for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, enabling hydrogen evolution. High recombination losses, low efficiency, and large-scale production hinder its potential. To address these issues, we have fabricated optimized bare and cadmium oxide (CdO)-decorated hematite thin film nanorod arrays using a throughput radio frequency (RF) sputtering with efficient water splitting behavior. To the best of our knowledge, no work has been done so far on the synthesis of CdO/α-Fe 2 O 3 via RF sputtering for PEC application. Bare α-Fe 2 O 3 samples, with a morphology of vertically aligned nanorods, were fabricated with optimized parameters such as as-deposited 70 nm of Fe, an angle of deposition of 70°, and an annealing temperature of 600 °C, which showed a photocurrent density of 0.38 mA/cm 2 at 1.65 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Characterizations depicted that this unique morphology with high crystallinity directly enhanced the performance of hematite photoanodes. Further, deposition of 30 nm of cadmium (CdO) on the α-Fe 2 O 3 nanorods produced a corn-like morphology with CdO nanoparticles (∼2 nm), resulting in 4-times enhancement of the PEC performance (1.2 mA/cm 2 at 1.65 V vs RHE). CdO acted as a co-catalyst, responsible for satisfactory suppression of recombination and facilitating the hole transfer, directly enhancing the overall photocurrent density. This photoanode showed an extremely stable behavior over a period of 26 h when kept under constant illumination. Furthermore, the CdO-modified photoanode showed a better dye degradation (98% in 40 min) than the bare hematite (60% in 40 min), proving to be an efficient photoanode.

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Thin films based on electrochromic materials for energy storage performance and smart windows applications: a review

Hammad

2024

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Effects of oblique angle deposition on optical and morphological properties of WO 3 nanorod films for electrochromic application

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

Vertically Aligned CdO-Decked α-Fe₂O₃ Nanorod Arrays by a Radio Frequency Sputtering Method for Enhanced Photocatalytic Applications

Thin films based on electrochromic materials for energy storage performance and smart windows applications: a review

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Effects of oblique angle deposition on optical and morphological properties of WO 3 nanorod films for electrochromic application

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

Vertically Aligned CdO-Decked α-Fe2O3 Nanorod Arrays by a Radio Frequency Sputtering Method for Enhanced Photocatalytic Applications

Thin films based on electrochromic materials for energy storage performance and smart windows applications: a review

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Vertically Aligned CdO-Decked α-Fe₂O₃ Nanorod Arrays by a Radio Frequency Sputtering Method for Enhanced Photocatalytic Applications