Effects of natural shoe wear on traction performance: a longitudinal study

Hemler, Sarah L.; Pliner, Erika M.; Redfern, Mark S.; Haight, Joel M.; Beschorner, Kurt E.

doi:10.1080/19424280.2021.1994022

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These variables were measured over the footwear's heel region, measuring up to 50 mm from the posterior point of the heel. The shore hardness, tread geometry, and the 50 mm metric has previously been reported to be adequate in quantifying a footwear's performance in any slipping condition [8,9,11,16,18,25]. The outsole material was polyurethane with a shore A hardness of 60.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Friction is affected by its tread pattern, type of flooring, contact area, outsole materials, shore hardness, the presence of contaminants (i.e., water), and wear of the outsoles [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Specifically, the presence of liquid contaminants over flooring drastically reduces the shoe and floor interface friction, which results in increased slipping hazards [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Vertically Treaded Outsoles on Interfacial Fluid Pressure, Mass Flow Rate, and Shoe–Floor Traction during Slips

Gupta

Chatterjee

Chanda

2023

Fluids

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Accidental injuries due to slips and falls are considered serious threats to public safety. Sufficient friction at the footwear and flooring interface is essential to reduce slip-related risks. The presence of slippery fluidic contaminants, such as water, further reduces friction and increases the risks of slip-related accidents drastically. While the effect of floorings and contaminants on footwear traction has been measured extensively across a variety of footwear designs, only a few studies have explored the science of the outsole design and its role in providing sufficient traction. In this work, the tread design of a commonly encountered outsole pattern, i.e., with vertically oriented tread channels, was parametrically altered across its width and gap. Based on the impressions of an original footwear design, nine outsoles were fabricated. The induced fluid pressures, mass flow rates, and traction were quantified by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework and through slip testing experiments. Outsoles that had wide treads with small gaps decreased the overall slipping risk on dry floorings. As compared to the tread area, tread gaps were found to be a dominating parameter in providing adequate shoe–floor traction in wet slipping conditions. The methods, including the outcomes presented in this work, are anticipated to advance the understanding of the science behind footwear friction and help footwear manufacturers optimize outsole designs to reduce slip and fall risks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Vertically Treaded Outsoles on Interfacial Fluid Pressure, Mass Flow Rate, and Shoe–Floor Traction during Slips

Gupta

Chatterjee

Chanda

2023

Fluids

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“…Outsoles were worn in three wear cycles namely, first, second, and third wear cycle which mimics the outsole topography of treads worn after 3 months, 6 months, and fully worn upto the outsole base material. The worn cycles were controlled based on a previous study by Hemler et al [27] which simulated the wearing time based on the distance of abrasive belt grinder. Wearing of the outsoles were performed by attaching the developed outsoles beneath the footwear, placing the footwear at an angle of 17 ± 1° over the belt grinder (50 Grit, 3M Industries), and measuring the distances.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worn shoes were found to increase the slipping risks upto 10 times than regular new footwear [26]. Hemler et al [27] analysed the impact of natural shoe wear on the frictional of slip-resistant shoes and studied the relationship between wear metrics and frictional performance. Worn footwear were reported to experience a reduction in ACOF of more than 25% when tested on different slipping conditions [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traction performance modeling of worn footwear with perpendicular treads

Gupta,

Chatterjee,

Malviya

et al. 2023

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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The traction performance of the footwear deteriorates due to outsole wear which further increases the risk of slip and fall related accidents. To date, several studies have tested footwear tractions across several slippery conditions but only a few studies have attempted to assess their performance considering worn shoes. In this work, nine outsoles, with systematically modified tread geometries, were investigated, to study the effects of tread patterns in new and worn conditions on traction, across common slippery conditions. The outsoles were progressively worn in three wear cycles. Outsoles with increased worn regions generated lower friction and higher fluid pressures, indicating increased slipping risks. Also, diversion of fluid flow due to large worn regions produced high fluid accumulations at other locations over the outsoles. The methods and results are anticipated to help footwear manufacturers with the strategic design of tread patterns that can provide improved friction even when completely worn.

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“…Additionally, high correlations were investigated between the outsoles of footwear and balance [ 3 ]. Worn shoes may attenuate balance control ability, thus increasing the risk of falls [ 4 ] and ankle sprains during physical activities [ 5 ]. A previous study has indicated that the degradation of shoes is one of the significant risk factors for running-related injuries [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Attrition Shoes on Balance Control Ability and Postural Stability Following a Single-Leg Drop Jump Landing

et al. 2023

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The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of lateral-heel-worn shoes (LHWS) on balance control ability through the single-leg drop jump test. The results could be beneficial by preventing lower limb injuries. Eighteen healthy participants performed the single-leg drop jump test. Times to stabilization for ground reaction forces (TTSG) in the anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, and vertical directions were calculated to quantify dynamic balance control ability. Outcome variables of the center of pressure (COP) were used to examine the main effect of LHWS during the static phase. The postural control ability was assessed through time to stabilization for the center of mass (TTSC) in the three directions. TTSG and TTSC for the LHWS group were found to be longer than those for the new shoes (NS) group in the M/L direction (p < 0.05). An increase in the TTS revealed an increased risk of falls during physical activities. However, no significant effects for both TTSG and TTSC were found in the other two directions between LHWS and NS groups. A static phase was cropped using TTSG for each trial, which indicated a phase after participants obtained balance. Outcome measures derived from COP showed no significant effects in the static phase. In conclusion, LHWS weakened balance control ability and postural stability in the M/L direction when compared to the NS group. During the static phase, no significant differences were found between the LHWS group and the NS group in balance control ability and postural stability. Consequently, lateral-worn shoes might increase the risk of fall injuries. The results could serve as an evaluation of shoe degradation for individuals with the aim of avoiding the risk of falls.

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Effects of natural shoe wear on traction performance: a longitudinal study

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Influence of Vertically Treaded Outsoles on Interfacial Fluid Pressure, Mass Flow Rate, and Shoe–Floor Traction during Slips

Influence of Vertically Treaded Outsoles on Interfacial Fluid Pressure, Mass Flow Rate, and Shoe–Floor Traction during Slips

Traction performance modeling of worn footwear with perpendicular treads

Effects of Attrition Shoes on Balance Control Ability and Postural Stability Following a Single-Leg Drop Jump Landing

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