Effects of naphthalene on gene transcription in Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea: Copepoda)

Heat shock protein expression during stress and diapause in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus

“…Our phylogenetic analysis also clustered the C. finmarchicus Hsp70 sequence previously identified by Hansen et al (2008) with human Hsp70-like proteins (Hsp70_14, Hsp70_4) that are known to share low sequence and functional similarity with cytosolic Hsp70 forms (Kaneko et al, 1997;Wan et al, 2004). Therefore, previously reported differences in C. finmarchicus Hsp70 inducibility by stressors (Hansen et al, 2008;Voznesensky et al, 2004) may be attributed, at least in part, to differences in the 'Hsp70' transcripts examined.…”

“…Therefore, previously reported differences in C. finmarchicus Hsp70 inducibility by stressors (Hansen et al, 2008;Voznesensky et al, 2004) may be attributed, at least in part, to differences in the 'Hsp70' transcripts examined. Cytosolic forms of Hsp90 are also sometimes induced in response to stress (Chen et al, 2006;Taipale et al, 2010); however, this is not observed in all species.…”

“…We retrieved representative Hsp70 sequences from yeast, bacteria, red algae, human, insects, and crustaceans (Table B.1), including two Hsp70 sequences that had previously been reported from C. finmarchicus (Hansen et al, 2008;Voznesensky et al, 2004). The selected Hsp70 sequences encompass all four monophyletic groups of eukaryotic Hsp70s as defined by intracellular localization (i.e., cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplast) (Boorstein et al, 1994;Daugaard et al, 2007;Rhee et al, 2009 endoplasmic reticulum (Hsp90B), mitochondrial (TRAP), and chloroplast (Hsp90C) (Chen et al, 2006) (Table B.2).…”

“…In addition to their role in the stress response, Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression varies during the crustacean molt cycle (Cesar and Yang, 2007;Spees et al, 2003) and could therefore help regulate the developmental delay associated with diapause in C. finmarchicus. Production of Hsp70 and Hsp90 transcripts in C. finmarchicus has been previously examined in response to stressors such as increased temperature and exposure to toxins (Hansen et al, 2007;Hansen et al, 2008;Voznesensky et al, 2004), but not as a factor regulating diapause. Small Hsps have been shown to play an important role in stress tolerance during diapause in the crustacean Artemia franciscana (Clegg et al, 1999;, but have yet to be investigated in calanoid copepods.…”

“…Furthermore, previous research has shown that Hsps play a major role in diapause regulation in a wide range of organisms (Denlinger et al, 2001;MacRae, 2010;Yuan et al, 1996). Induction of Hsps by protein denaturating stressors (e.g., heat, toxins) appears to be an ancient and universal response within all examined taxa ranging from bacteria to plants, flies, and human beings (Hansen et al, 2008;Lindquist, 1986;Sorensen et al, 2003). In addition to their well-known roles in stress tolerance, Hsps are integral to normal cell growth and development.…”