Effects of Nanohydroxyapatite Incorporation into Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC)

Abstract

Glass ionomer cement (GIC) or polyalkenoate cement is a water-based cement that is commonly used in clinical dentistry procedures as a restorative material. It exhibits great properties such as fluoride-ion release, good biocompatibility, ease of use and great osteoconductive properties. However, GIC’s low mechanical properties have become a major drawback, limiting the cement’s usage, especially in high stress-bearing areas. Nanohydroxyapatite, which is a biologically active phosphate ceramic, is added as a specific filler into glass ionomer cement to improve its properties. In this review, it is shown that incorporating hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) into GIC has been proven to exhibit better physical properties, such as increasing the compressive strength and fracture toughness. It has also been shown that the addition of nanohydroxyapatite into GIC reduces cytotoxicity and microleakage, whilst heightening its fluoride ion release and antibacterial properties. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the recent studies elucidating their recommendations which are linked to the benefits of incorporating hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into glass ionomer cement.

Incorporation of Nanomaterials in Glass Ionomer Cements—Recent Developments and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review

“…Apatite materials can be easily synthesized in laboratory conditions, and their properties can be modified to better fit the final application [ 79 ]. Recently reviewed [ 80 ], the addition of nano-apatitic materials (hydroxyapatite in particular) was found to: increase the compressive strength by filling the voids in the composite, thus preventing the appearance of defects (such as pores and cracks); increase flexural strength, due to its porosity; influence the microhardness of the GIC, usually by increasing it (with superior results for hydroxyapatite in its nanoform compared with microcrystalline material); improve biocompatibility; minimize microleakage; increase fluoride ion release; increase the antimicrobial properties. …”

Effect Of Nano-Bioactive Glass On Flexural Strength And Antimicrobial Activity Of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Containing 58S Nano-Bioactive Glass

“…Materials used in the human body should be chemically stable and biocompatible, and the oral cavity is no exception to this rule [1]. Amalgam, composite resin, and most dental cements possess the abovementioned properties [2]. The first idea regarding the production of bioactive materials for use in the human body originated from the process of fluoride release from dental materials.…”

“…The first idea regarding the production of bioactive materials for use in the human body originated from the process of fluoride release from dental materials. Fluoride release by dental materials such as Glass ionomers has beneficial effects [2].…”

A new approach to prepare nano hydroxyapatite from oyster shells used for dental applications

“…Repairing damaged bones due to chronic diseases and various traumas is a challenge for clinicians and because this requires a biological structure similar to that of bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 is a calcium phosphate ceramic that belongs for the apatite family of calcium phosphates and is a biologically active ceramic [1]. Bio ceramics have good mechanical properties and appropriate for load bearing applications PO 4 [2].…”

“…%, also enamel consisting of more than 60% by weight [4,5]. Because of its biocompatibility and capability to form bone, it has been extensively studied for medical and dental application and also it can be used in several ways like Implant coating, orthopedic scaffold, orthotics filling or drug delivery systems [1], but its use in dentistry is constantly increasing. Recent studies have also demonstrated the value and requirement of biomimetic oral health products using nano-sized hydroxyapatite particles in contemporary preventive dentistry [6,7].…”