Effects of n-3 fatty acid deficiency in nonhuman primates

Reisbick, Sydney; Neuringer, Martha; Connor, William E.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1790-3_10

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The rationale for quantifying LC-PUFA levels in red blood cell membranes in these studies is based on the assumption that they reflect tissue (including brain) DHA and AA concentrations during early development. While this has been reported to be true in the rat [82], studies in rhesus monkeys show that diet-induced differences in red blood cell DHA can greatly overestimate differences in retinal and cerebral cortex DHA [83].…”

Section: Effect Of Lc-pufa Supplementation On Blood Levels Of Dha Andmentioning

confidence: 72%

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Hamosh¹,

Salem²

1998

Neonatology

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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are essential for normal development. Fetal accretion of LC-PUFA occurs during the last trimester of gestation; therefore, premature infants are born with minimal LC-PUFA reserves. Recent studies indicate that the newborn can synthesize LC-PUFA from essential fatty acid precursors; however, the extent of de novo synthesis remains to be established. Postnatally, human milk provides LC-PUFA to the newborn. Maternal LC-PUFA reserves depend upon diet and can be improved by supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid during pregnancy and lactation. This in turn affects fetal LC-PUFA accretion and postnatal provision through mother’s milk. Supplementation of formula-fed preterm or full-term infants with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid leads to plasma and red blood cell LC-PUFA levels similar to those of breast-fed infants. The higher blood and presumably tissue levels of LC-PUFA following supplementation lead, however, to only temporary functional benefits.

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Section: Effect Of Lc-pufa Supplementation On Blood Levels Of Dha Andmentioning

confidence: 72%

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Hamosh¹,

Salem²

1998

Neonatology

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“…n-3 fatty acid deficiency has been documented in animals and was associated with alterations in fatty acid composition, enzyme function and learning functions (Bourre et al, 1989). Alterations in retinal, visual and processing functions have been reported in monkeys (Reisbick et al, 1996). Analogous studies in preterm infants fed formulas with long-chain n-3 fatty acids compared to infants fed control formulas have reported better retinal function (Uauy et al, 1990), visual acuity (Birch et al, 1992;Carlson et al, 1993) and processing speed (Uauy et al, 1990) with higher long-chain n-3 fatty acid status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm infant formula supplementation with α linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid

Rodriguez¹,

Raederstorff

Sarda

et al. 2003

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To investigate if supplementation of preterm infant formula with a high docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA) ratio together with a-linolenic acid (ALA) was able to maintain plasma and red blood cell DHA levels similar to that obtained with breast milk feeding without altering n-6 fatty acid status. Design and subjects: Preterm infants of mothers who elected not to breast feed (n ¼ 13) were assigned to ALA-and DHAenriched formula (DHA group: DHA/EPA ¼ 5/l). Infants fed breast milk (n ¼ 25) constituted a reference group (BM group). Anthropometric and fatty acid parameters (plasma phospholipids, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine, PL, CE, TG, RBC-PE, respectively) were obtained after 2 days (D2) and 15 days (D15) of enteral feeding and at the 37th week (W37) of post-conception age and 1 month later (W37+30) in the DHA group. Mean DHA intake ranged between 16.571.6 and 17.972.9 mg/kg/day between D2 and W37+30. Results: At W37, infant weights, heights, and head circumferences were similar in DHA and BM groups. PL DHA was maintained in the DHA group at the same level as in the BM group and the same for DHA in PE at W37. In RBC-PE and at W37, AA status was the same in both groups. In PL, AA levels remained very stable throughout the study; however, in the DHA group AA levels in PL remained in the range observed with standard formulas. Conclusion: The combined 18:3 n-3 and DHA supplementation of infant formula with DHA/EPA ratio 5/l is compatible with growth and n-3 fatty acid metabolism similar to that of preterm infants fed human milk.

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“…Our previous studies showed that monkeys raised on the same low n-3 fatty acid diet as in the present study had 80% less retinal DHA than an adequate n-3 fatty acid group or monkeys fed a standard stock diet. 39,40 Animals in the low n-3 fatty acid group had slower visual acuity development 41 and abnormalities in the electroretinogram, including delayed implicit times and prolonged rod recovery functions. 39,42 This study was designed to examine the effects of dietary L or Z supplementation in this unique group of xanthophylldepleted animals, using purified preparations of the individual xanthophylls, in particular pure L made available specifically for this project.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%