Effects of metals on early life stages of the brine shrimp,Artemia: A developmental toxicity assay

MacRae, Thomas H.; Pandey, Amritanshu

doi:10.1007/bf01055911

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The method which was used in this study was adopted from sargelous [15] with minor modification. Artemia cysts were hatching at 15-35 ppm of salinity within 24-36 hrs [13]. Even though in this study the salinity seawater was 9 ppm, a significant decrease in hatching ability of cyst in a medium which contain teratogenic substances indicated that the substances may affect the development of Artemia cysts.…”

Section: Fig 1: Hatching Ability Of Cyst In Teratogenic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Developmental toxicology test using the BST has been conducted by number of researchers to test the effects of several substances in development stages with different parameters, such as: Butyrylcholinesterase in the early development of the brine shrimp larvae [11]; effects of copper, cadmium, and zinc on the hatching success of brine shrimp [12]; effects of cupric sulfate, lead nitrate, zinc sulfate and nickel sulfate on early life stages of the brine shrimp [13]; developmentrelated differentials in naupliiar vulnerability for cadmium sulfate, mercuric chloride, and sodium azide (NaN 3 ) [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Capability of Brine Shrimp Test as a Teratogenicity Screening System

Lestari

Soemardji²,

Fidrianny³

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: The goals of this study were to analyze the capability of brine shrimp test (BST) as a potent teratogenicity screening system on teratogenic agents (methotrexate, captopril, diclofenac, phenytoin, warfarin, and valproic acid).Methods: Artemia cysts were hatched into 1 st stage nauplii, then taken and put into seawater medium which contain test substance and kept alive until 2 nd stage, 3 rd stage, and 4 th stage, and number of deaths, morphological abnormalities, body length, and retarded of development were observed for each stage.Results: Hatch ability of cysts in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml were significantly different compared to control (p<0.05). Nauplii survival in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalities was found in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml. Nauplii with retarded development were expressed in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml. Significant difference in body length was presented in captopril 0.25 mg/ml, and phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml compared to control (p<0.05). Conclusion:BST can be used as an alternative method of the teratogenic screening test, although not as sensitive teratogenic tests on mammals. This screening method was not suitable for a compound which its chemical characteristic can change the tonicity of the medium.

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Section: Fig 1: Hatching Ability Of Cyst In Teratogenic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Capability of Brine Shrimp Test as a Teratogenicity Screening System

Lestari

Soemardji²,

Fidrianny³

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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show abstract

“…Similar experiments carried out with metal salts ZnSO4, CuSO4, and NiSO4 (purity g99.0%, Sigma) covering the 10 -1 -10 -9 M range also demonstrated that toxic effects could be detected at low concentrations (see Figure 3b). Calculated EC50(1 h) values (e.g., 7.8 ( 1.9 µM for Zn 2+ ) and trends were in agreement with those of the standard reference method (25). Iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (purity 95%, Sigma) and the hydroxyl radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; purity g99.0%, Fluka), both known for their ability to protect Artemia against menadione bisulfite toxicity (23), were also tested in the respirometric assays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Optical Oxygen Microrespirometry as a Platform for Environmental Toxicology and Animal Model Studies

O’Mahony

O’Donovan

Hynes

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We present a new methodology for testing physiological responses of small organisms (size 70-500 microm) via changes in their oxygen respiration monitored by quenched-phosphorescence oxygen sensing on a scale of a single organism. The method is demonstrated using three different formats of respirometric assays, Artemia salina and mouse embryos as model animals, and various effectors including compounds that induce and prevent superoxide-mediated and heavy metal ion toxicity. These assays, which employ soluble oxygen probes, standard fluorescent readers, and accessorytools, provide sensitive, noninvasive, real-time monitoring of animal respiration, and rapid assessment of EC50, sublethal effects, and metabolic alterations. Applications include screening for acute toxicity of compound libraries and environmental samples, and the study of animal physiology and metabolism.

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“…1990;Rosowski et al 1997). Mechanistically, however, the emergence of nauplii is less clear, although the process is inhibited by heavy metals (Rafiee et al 1986b;Go et al 1990;MacRae and Pandey, 1991;Pandey and MacRae, 1991), bicarbonate deficiency (Trotman el aZ. 1987;Trotman, 1991) and metabolic perturbation (Trotman et aZ.…”

Section: Molecular Aspects Of Early Artemia Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%