Effects of Mercury, Lead, Arsenic and Zinc to Human Renal Oxidative Stress and Functions: A Review

Salazar-Flores, Joel; Torres-Jasso, Juan Heriberto; Bravo, Danie Rojas; Villela, Zoyla M. Reyna; Sanchez, Erandis D. Torres

doi:10.21767/2473-6457.10027

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…It also causes a harmful effect on the Kreb cycle and thus causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Heavy metals are directly or indirectly involved in the generation of ROS/RNS and lead to oxidative stress, which ultimately deteriorates the mitochondria and biomolecules, leading to cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis [50].…”

Section: Role Of Heavy Metals In Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2019

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Oxidative stress is proposed as a regulatory element in ageing and various neurological disorders. The excess of oxidants causes a reduction of antioxidants, which in turn produce an oxidation–reduction imbalance in organisms. Paucity of the antioxidant system generates oxidative-stress, characterized by elevated levels of reactive species (oxygen, hydroxyl free radical, and so on). Mitochondria play a key role in ATP supply to cells via oxidative phosphorylation, as well as synthesis of essential biological molecules. Various redox reactions catalyzed by enzymes take place in the oxidative phosphorylation process. An inefficient oxidative phosphorylation may generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial redox metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and proteolytic pathways are found to be the major and potential source of free radicals. A lower concentration of ROS is essential for normal cellular signaling, whereas the higher concentration and long-time exposure of ROS cause damage to cellular macromolecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins, ultimately resulting in necrosis and apoptotic cell death. Normal and proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is entirely dependent on the chemical integrity of brain. It is well established that the brain consumes a large amount of oxygen and is highly rich in lipid content, becoming prone to oxidative stress. A high consumption of oxygen leads to excessive production of ROS. Apart from this, the neuronal membranes are found to be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are highly susceptible to ROS. Various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others, can be the result of biochemical alteration (due to oxidative stress) in bimolecular components. There is a need to understand the processes and role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. This review is an effort towards improving our understanding of the pivotal role played by OS in neurodegenerative disorders.

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Section: Role Of Heavy Metals In Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2019

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“…The liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, and blood system have been listed among the parts of the body that are affected by Pb, Cd, and Hg toxicity [ 2 , 4 ]. A recent report by Salazar-Flores et al [ 5 ] revealed that heavy metals lead to oxidative stress which causes tissues and membranes degeneration in a living organism, and because of this property (its capacity to scavenge ROS), antioxidants are needed to protect against its toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Costus afer Aqueous Leaf Extract (CALE) on Low-Dose Heavy Metal Mixture-Induced Alterations in Serum Lipid Profile and Hematological Parameters of Male Wistar Albino Rats

Anyanwu

Orish

Ezejiofor

et al. 2020

Journal of Toxicology

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The present work investigated the protective effects of Costus afer Ker Gawl. aqueous leaf extract (CALE) on lipid profile and hematological changes induced by exposure to low-dose heavy metal mixture in male albino rats. The experimental animals were divided into six weight matched groups. The normal (group 1) and toxic (group 2) controls received deionized water and metal mixture (20 mg/kg PbCl2, 1.61 mg/kg CdCl2, and 0.40 mg/kg HgCl2), respectively. Test rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with metal mixture and CALE (750, 1500, and 2250 mg/kg, respectively), and group 6 received metal mixture and ZnCl2. All treatments were administered through oral gavage for 12 weeks. LDHMM caused a marked increase ( p < 0.05 ) in cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), percentage body weight gain, and feed and fluid intake. Also, a significant decrease in RBC, Hb, and PCV, a significant increase in WBC, and no significant increase in platelet PLT were observed in the metal mixture-treated group. But in CALE treated groups, their levels were found to attain almost normal values as found in normal control which is also similar to the zinc-treated group. Costus afer may hold a promise in improving lipid profile and hemodynamic picture in cardiovascular diseases.

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“…Exposure of humans to these heavy metals via consumption of contaminated products could lead to diverse chronic and acute health hazards. The toxicity of lead (Pb) via food, water, or inhalation include kidney, livers, heart and brain tissues and nervous systems disorders leading to diverse nervous disorders and deformities especially in young children (Jaishankar et al, 2014;Salazar-Flores et al, 2019). Cadmium (Cd) cause fatal problems in the pulmonary and gastrointestinal tracts leading to severe injury in the pulmonary, hepatic, renal systems as well as gastrointestinal tract erosion and coma, depending on the routes and dose of the meta (Jaishankar et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nickel induces respiratory injury among other tissue toxicity (Jaishankar et al, 2014). Mercury exerts acute neurotoxity, kidney failure and gastrointestinal disorders (Salazar-Flores et al, 2019). At high concentrations in edible food, above the beneficial limits, Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) have been found to alter the normal physiology organs and systems (Suruchi and Pankaj Khanna, 2011;Jaishankar et al, 2014;Salazar-Flores et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risks Associated With Heavy Metals in Commercial Chicken Meat via Consumption Within Southern Nigeria

Ogu¹,

Akinnibosun²

2020

AJHSE

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Chicken meat is classed among one of the major sources of animal proteins and still enjoys global acceptance to date without recourse to their heavy metal residues. Hence, this study investigated the heavy metal residues in raw chicken meat and the associated health risk via consumption within major markets in southern Nigeria. A total of 240 raw chicken meat samples (muscle tissues) were purchased randomly from Warri, Akure, Ado-Ekiti and Benin City markets. After ashing, digestion and heavy metals analysis for Pb, Cr, Cd, Mn, Ni, Zn and Cu using standard atomic adsorption spectrophotometer, the target hazard quotient (THQ), health risk index (HI) and daily intake index (non-carcinogenic risk) and incremental cancer risk in children and adults were determined. The mean heavy metals ranged from 0.001 ± 0.001 mg/kg (Cr) to 2.094 ± 0.001 mg/kg (Zn) and varied significantly (P<0.05) with Warri samples (58.9 %) yielding the highest level, followed by Benin City (26.8 %), Ado-Ekiti (10.2 %) and Akure (4.2 %) samples. The non-carcinogenic risks (HR/HI) were substantially low for the metals studied in all the locations except for Cd, which could pose serious health risk among children in Warri location. However, the incremental cancer risk ranged from 10-4 to 10-3 in all the locations, suggesting at least a cancer case per 1,000 exposed people (both in children and adults). Considering the impending public health risks, critical hazards points of heavy metals contaminations along meat production chains should be properly identified to drastically reduce their potential risks to exposed consumers.

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Effects of Mercury, Lead, Arsenic and Zinc to Human Renal Oxidative Stress and Functions: A Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 101 publications

Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Protective Effect of Costus afer Aqueous Leaf Extract (CALE) on Low-Dose Heavy Metal Mixture-Induced Alterations in Serum Lipid Profile and Hematological Parameters of Male Wistar Albino Rats

Health Risks Associated With Heavy Metals in Commercial Chicken Meat via Consumption Within Southern Nigeria

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