Effects of low preheating temperature for ZnO seed layer deposited by sol–gel spin coating on the structural properties of hydrothermal ZnO nanorods

Yoon, Yup; Park, Kyoung-Seok; Kim, Sam-Dong

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2015.11.040

Cited by 61 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the types of seed layer that used either monoethanolamine (MEA) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), and their effects on the resulting ZnO NRs, were compared and analyzed by Kashif et al [28]. Another method to optimize the ZnO NR's properties was by the preheating treatment for the seed layer [29][30][31][32]. Dou et al reported another way to increase photovoltaic performance of ZnO NR-based DSC, by using a Ga-doped seed layer [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Bramantyo

Murakami

Okuya

et al. 2019

Journal of Engineering

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Arrays of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod (NR) were fabricated in a vertical axis direction through the two-step method of seed layer’s deposition and growth of the NR. The seed layer was applied by spin coating with a three-time repetition (n) and rotational speed (v) at 3000 rpm. After the seed layer had grown, ZnO NRs were grown with a growth solution made by combining one zinc source with one hydroxide source. There were two different zinc sources, i.e., zinc acetate dehydrate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate and, for comparison, zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc nitrate (ZN) were each combined with the same hydroxide source, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). Later, the growth solutions were processed by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using a waterbath machine. The CBD method was started at room temperature until it reached the designated temperature at 85°C. At that point, the growth time was calculated from the zero-minute condition. It was found that ZnO NRs had already grown at a thickness of about 100 nm for both ZA and ZN sources. The growth time varied at 15, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the zero-minute point. By using two separate and independent zinc sources while growing ZnO NRs at various growth periods, several ZnO NRs’ thicknesses were controlled. According to a paper by Lee et al., the lower thickness of ZnO NRs boosted the charge transfer properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because the series resistance between ZnO/perovskite interfaces was lessened. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were observed to analyze the morphological shape of the ZnO NRs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles were characterized to obtain the data for ZnO NR crystallinity. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis was performed at the (002) ZnO peak to calculate the crystal size of the peak. From the results, the smallest crystallite sizes for ZnO NRs grown from ZA and ZN sources were 10.70 nm and 19.29 nm, respectively, which would be the most suitable condition for PSC application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Bramantyo

Murakami

Okuya

et al. 2019

Journal of Engineering

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“…But owing to the complicated processes and low product consistence during preparing low-voltage ZnO chip varistors by ceramic methods, the alternative films deposition methods aiming at reducing the thickness of the components are more desirable6. To date, several physical and chemical methods have been proposed to prepare ZnO film varistors, such as magnetron sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition, chemical vapor deposition, spray pyrolysis, sol-gel process, and so on78910. Among them, magnetron sputtering is preferable due to its relatively high deposition rate, low substrate temperature, high film thickness uniformity, good controllability and high repeatability10.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, magnetron sputtering is preferable due to its relatively high deposition rate, low substrate temperature, high film thickness uniformity, good controllability and high repeatability10. And many composite ZnO-Bi 2 O 3 and multilayered ZnO/Bi 2 O 3 thin-film varistors were reported78. But to prepare such varistors, dual (Zn/ZnO and Bi/Bi 2 O 3 ) or various composite ZnO-Bi 2 O 3 sputtering targets, and even more complicated precursors are needed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance varistors simply by hot-dipping zinc oxide thin films in Pr6O11: Influence of temperature

Wang¹,

Peng²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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High-performance ZnO-Pr6O11 thin-film varistors were fabricated simply by hot-dipping oxygen-deficient zinc oxide thin films in Pr6O11 powder. The films had a composition of ZnO0.81 and a thickness of about 200 nm, which were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering a sintered zinc oxide ceramic target. Special attention was paid on the temperature dependence of the varistors. In 50 min with hot-dipping temperature increased from 300–700 °C, the nonlinear coefficient (α) of the varistors increased, but with higher temperature it decreased again. Correspondingly, the leakage current (IL) decreased first and then increased, owing mainly to the formation and destroying of complete zinc oxide/Pr6O11 grain boundaries. The breakdown field (E1mA) decreased monotonously from 0.02217 to 0.01623 V/nm with increasing temperature (300–800 °C), due to the decreased number of effective grain boundaries in the varistors. The varistors prepared at 700 °C exhibited the optimum nonlinear properties with the highest α = 39.29, lowest IL = 0.02736 mA/cm2, and E1mA = 0.01757 V/nm. And after charge-discharge at room temperature for 1000 times, heating at 100 or 250 °C for up to 100 h, or applying at up to 250 °C, the varistors still performed well. Such nanoscaled thin-film varistors will be very promising in electrical/electronic devices working at low voltage.

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“…In the case of a very thick seed layer, its density decreases along with the nucleation sites (İkizler & Peker, 2014). One method to control the grain size of the seed layer is to control the temperature of the annealing treatment employed (Wahid et al, 2013;Yoon et al, 2015;Gautam et al, 2016). Thermal treatment of the seed layer also affects the (002) crystallinity after the seed has grown into nanorods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Structural Study of Vertically Aligned Zinc Oxide Nanorods Grown on Spin Coated Seed Layers

Bramantyo

Murakami

Okuya

et al. 2019

IJTech

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In this study, vertically aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod (NR) arrays were grown with the 2step method. Spin coating was used to apply the seed layer, and by increasing the number of repetitions (n), higher thickness of the seed layer was achieved. The effects of different seed layer thicknesses, spin coated at different rotational speeds (v) and how the variables (v and n) influence the morphological and crystal properties of the resulting ZnO NRs were analyzed. The effects of 1, 3, and 5 (n), with (v) of 3000 or 4000 rpm were investigated, and the formed seed layers were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles. The ZnO NR arrays were grown by a chemical bath deposition method because of its simplicity and ease of use. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis was conducted on the XRD chart and Raman spectrum to analyze the grain size and Wurtzite distortion of the ZnO NRs. A lower FWHM value was attributed to the lower number of structural disorders in the ZnO NRs, which equated to the most stable or structured Wurtzite structures in the ZnO NRs, achieved at the lowest FWHM value. The lowest FWHM for (002) XRD peak was obtained at 0.35° for ZnO NRs grown with a seed layer spin coated at 4000 rpm once. The crystallite size calculated by Scherrer's equation gave a size of 25.14 nm. The lowest FWHM for E2(High) Raman peak was obtained at 6.00 cm-1 for ZnO NRs grown with a seed layer spin coated at 4000 rpm three times.

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Effects of low preheating temperature for ZnO seed layer deposited by sol–gel spin coating on the structural properties of hydrothermal ZnO nanorods

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

High-performance varistors simply by hot-dipping zinc oxide thin films in Pr6O11: Influence of temperature

Morphological and Structural Study of Vertically Aligned Zinc Oxide Nanorods Grown on Spin Coated Seed Layers

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