Effects of low-dose applications of 2,4-D and dicamba on cucumber and cantaloupe

Hand, Lavesta C.; Vance, Jenna C.; Randell, Taylor M.; Shugart, John; Gray, T. N.; Luo, Xuelin; Culpepper, A. Stanley

doi:10.1017/wet.2020.129

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The observed visual injuries for both commercial cultivars, ANA 334 and Cristel, in response to herbicide treatment at all three doses were ranked among the highest damage levels recorded by accessions, therefore, these cultivars were susceptible to all 2,4-D drift rates (Figures 1-3). In line with our findings, Hand et al [32] reported that by increasing the application rate of 2,4-D or dicamba from 1/25X to 1/7X their recommended field use rates (1120 and 560 g ae ha −1 , respectively), the level of visual injury in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) increased up to 67%, 110%, and 100% at 18, 31, and 54 days before harvesting, respectively.…”

Section: Effect On Crop Injurysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Noticeably, after the application of 2,4-D at the drift rate of 208 g ae ha −1 , all crops significantly showed lower yield production than their untreated control plots [18]. By increasing the rate of 2,4-D from 44.8 to 160 g ae ha −1 , the cantaloupe fruit number and fruit weight reduced by 32% and 50%, respectively [32].…”

Section: Effect On Melon Fruit Yieldmentioning

confidence: 94%

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The Response of Iranian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Accessions to 2,4-D Drift

Zangoueinejad

Sirooeinejad

Bajwa

2021

Plants

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One of the most widely used auxinic herbicides in southern Iran’s cereal crop fields is 2,4-D; however, the concurrent growing season of off-season melons in this region potentially leads to herbicide drift from cereal fields to the melon fields. To study the response of some Iranian wild melon accessions to three simulated drift rates of 2,4-D, including 112.1, 11.2, and 3.7 g ae ha−1, a field experiment was conducted during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. It was found that by increasing the herbicide rate from 3.7 to 112.1 g ae ha−1, the level of visual injury increased in all accessions. However, significant variation in herbicide tolerance was observed among different melon accessions. The MEL-R1 was the most tolerant accession with only 20% injury, while MEL-D8 displayed very high injury rate (ca. 90%) as assessed at 6 weeks after treatment during 2019. The accession MEL-S3 was the most tolerant to 2,4-D drift rates (20% injury) at 6 weeks after treatment during 2020. There was no significant difference between the accessions MEL-R1 and MEL-S3 in terms of their response to 2,4-D treatment during both years of the study, as these accessions fully recovered from injury over 6 weeks after herbicide treatment. In addition, only these two accessions were able to produce yield after the application of 2,4-D at the highest rate tested (112.1 g ae ha−1). Therefore, the melon accessions MEL-R1 and MEL-S3 could be recommended for cultivation and even for breeding programs in order to develop 2,4-D-tolerant commercial cultivars in regions where this herbicide is commonly used in cereal crop production adjacent to the melon fields.

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Section: Effect On Crop Injurysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Effect On Melon Fruit Yieldmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Response of Iranian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Accessions to 2,4-D Drift

Zangoueinejad

Sirooeinejad

Bajwa

2021

Plants

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“…Concentrations retained on the mulch were 1/50 to 1/100 the 1× rate of dicamba and 1/500 to 1/625 the 1× rate of 2,4-D. Previous studies have noted a high level of injury and yield loss from dicamba at much lower rates than those observed on the mulch in this study when applied to the foliage of squash and cantaloupe (Culpepper and Vance 2019;Dittmar et al 2016;Hand et al 2019). Injury from 2,4-D has not been noted from rates lower than 1/300× for either cantaloupe or squash (Culpepper and Vance 2019).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

2,4-D and dicamba removal from the surface of plastic mulch using overhead irrigation: analytical analysis and cucurbit bioassay crop response

et al. 2021

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Glyphosate and paraquat are effective preplant burndown herbicide options for multi-cropped vegetable production on plastic mulch, but problematic weeds such as wild radish, cutleaf eveningprimrose, annual morningglory, or horseweed may not be adequately controlled with these herbicides alone. 2,4-D and dicamba could help control these troublesome weeds prior to planting if they can be removed from plastic mulch for avoiding crop damage. Treatments included 2,4-D (1,065 and 2,130 g ae ha−1) and dicamba (560 and 1,120 g ae ha−1) applied broadcast over plastic mulch a day before transplanting. Just before transplanting, treatments received overhead irrigation at 0.76 cm or no irrigation. Plastic mulch samples were collected at application and planting to determine herbicide presence using analytical techniques, and cantaloupe and zucchini squash were subsequently transplanted on the plastic beds. Analytical UHPLC analysis determined 88-99% of the initial herbicide concentration was present at crop planting when irrigation was not implemented. At most, a 1/50 rate of dicamba and a 1/500 rate of 2,4-D was present at planting when overhead irrigation was applied prior to transplanting. Maximum cantaloupe and squash injury from 2,4-D with irrigation was 10% and did not influence plant growth, biomass, or yield. For dicamba with overhead irrigation, cantaloupe injury reached 35%, vine lengths were reduced 24% and maturity was delayed while squash injury ranged from 9 to 12% without influencing growth or yield. Without irrigation to wash herbicides from the mulch prior to planting, 60 to 100% injury of both crops occurred with both herbicides. Zucchini squash was more tolerant to dicamba compared to cantaloupe. Results demonstrated that 2,4-D can be adequately removed from the surface of plastic mulch with irrigation while a single irrigation event was not sufficient to remove dicamba.

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“…However, Python cucumber demonstrated leaf deformation that increased rapidly from 1.00 to 1.30 g ae ha −1 , where it reached a maximum at 7% visual deformation (Figure 1A). In a study by Hand et al (2021) in which 1/250th of the labeled rate of dicamba (2.24 g ae ha −1 ) was applied, 'Impact' and 'Bristol' cucumbers visually evaluated 9 d after application demonstrated 10% visual injury on average, thereby demonstrating the possibility that sensitivity differences exist among cultivars of the same species.…”

Section: Cucurbitaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to sublethal rates of dicamba for selected mid-Atlantic vegetable crops

et al. 2022

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Dicamba is a synthetic auxin herbicide that may be applied over the top of transgenic dicamba-tolerant crops. The increasing prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds has resulted in increased reliance on dicamba-based herbicides in soybean production systems. Because of the high volatility of dicamba, it is prone to off-target movement, and therefore has been of increased concern regarding dicamba drift onto nearby specialty crops. The present study evaluates twelve mid-Atlantic vegetable crops species for sensitivity to sub-lethal rates of dicamba. Soybean, snap bean, lima bean, tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, cucumber, summer squash, watermelon, pumpkin, sweet basil, lettuce, and kale were grown in the greenhouse and exposed to dicamba at 0, 0.056, 0.11, 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24 g ae ha−1, which is respectively 0, 1/10,000, 1/5,000, 1/2,000, 1/1,000, 1/500, and 1/250 of the maximum recommended label rate for soybean application (560 g ae ha−1). Vegetable crop injury was evaluated 4 weeks after treatment using visual rating methods and leaf deformation index (LDI) measurements. Overall, snap bean was the most sensitive crop species with dicamba rates as low as 0.11 g ae ha−1 resulting in significantly higher leaf deformation levels compared to the nontreated control. Other Fabaceae and Solanaceae species also demonstrated high sensitivity to sub-lethal rates of dicamba with rates ranging 0.28 to 0.56 g ae ha−1 causing higher leaf deformation compared to the nontreated control. While cucumber, pumpkin, and summer squash were no or moderately sensitive to dicamba, watermelon showed greater sensitivity with unique symptoms at rates as low as 0.056 g ae ha−1 based on visual evaluation. Within the range of tested dicamba rates, sweet basil, lettuce and kale demonstrated tolerance to dicamba with no injury observed at the maximum rate of 2.24 g ae ha−1.

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Effects of low-dose applications of 2,4-D and dicamba on cucumber and cantaloupe

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

The Response of Iranian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Accessions to 2,4-D Drift

The Response of Iranian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Accessions to 2,4-D Drift

2,4-D and dicamba removal from the surface of plastic mulch using overhead irrigation: analytical analysis and cucurbit bioassay crop response

Sensitivity to sublethal rates of dicamba for selected mid-Atlantic vegetable crops

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